This Paper investigates the resources, species composition and ecological distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in different types of pine stands, and analyzes the relstionship between the ectomycorrhizal symbionts and environmental effects on the fungus distribution. The results show that 115species belonging to 14 families, 30 genera are found to be associated with southern pine in China.The relationship between the woody species and the ectomycorrhizal fungi, the external appearanceand internal structure of the mycorrhisae and the rule that fungus distribution varies with temperature,moisture. geographiCal environment and soil conditions are revealed. Therefore, it can be concludedthat there is an orderly succesion, in which Pisolithus is the most important early-stage fungusin pine forests of the first generation in Southern China. Based on the conclusion, the necessity for theapplication of ectomycorrhizae in the management of Pines in Southern China and the selection principles of superior fungi for the establishment of first-generation Pine stands are further discuss and confirmed.