As an important nature resource, bamboo has been widely used for numerous purposes in people’s daily life. With the progress of the bamboo processing technology, many new approaches for utilization were explored in recent years. Bamboo is no longer "poor man’s timber" due to the industrial utilization.High quality bamboo based products become luxury. The chemical utilization of bamboo will be the optimistical way to produce high value bamboo products. The biodiversity and the related aspects have been also a hot topic in bamboo research area. The ecological function of the bamboo and the importance for sustainable development has been considered world widely. In Latin America,Africa,as well as in Europe and North America people pay more and more attention to bamboo research and utilization. Modern bio techniques provide a powerful tool for revealing the mystery of phylogeny and ontogeny at molecular level.