Phyllostachys edulis, Dendrocalamus latiJlorus, Dendrocalamopsis oldhami, Bambusa arundinacea were selected. The dynamic damage process parallel and perpendicular (radial direction)to the axial direction was tested. After the testing, the bulk microstructure and compressive mechanical properties of bamboo were studied. The results show that the strain-stress curve, dynamic damage process and damage cross surface are highly related, and the bamboo species, age and the compressive direction are related to the compressive strength. The bamboo compressive dynamic damage process is critical to understand the bamboo mechanical properties.