Abstract: Twenty years studies have been carried out on adaptive seedling selection of olives. In this paper, the process and method of selection are discussed. Selection indexes on cold resistance, productivity and fruit quality are raised. Correlations are studied between (l) leaf characters and frost resistance, (2) electric resistance of 1-year-old branches and frost resistance, (3) external characters of branches and leaves and water-logging resistance, (4) stem diameter and precocity, (5) leaf size and precocity, (6) leaf index and precocity, (7) stem diameter and productivity, (8) crown structure and productivity, (9) leaf index and fruit quality index, etc.