Abstract: Pollen exine sculpture isn’t easily affected by environmental factors. It is exterior representation of genotype. It is one effective methodology in research of plant classification and evolution. The pollen exine sculpture of 27 species and 1 variety of Sect. Camellia in genus Camellia based on Chang’s taxonomic system was observed under scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results indicate: the pollen size of Sect. Camellia is bigger. The shape of the regular pollen is prolate. There are some irregular pollen grains in some species. Pollen aperture is tri-colp-orate. There are four primary exine sculpture types of Sect. Camellia in genus Camellia: rugulate-fossulate, rugulate-ripple, rugulate-ripple to granutate and granutate. There are some difference of exine sculpture in these species. The difference of exine sculpture can provide some important information for plant classification and evolution. The classification states and disposal of some species or series were also discussed.