Abstract: Effects on the surface modification of polyethylene (PE) by N2 plasma treatment and compacts on the compound interfacial compatibility between rice straw fiber and PE were investigated in this paper. The results showed that, after N2 plasma treatment, polar groups(—CN) were introduced into the PE molecule. The surface wettability and reaction activity of PE were greatly increased. The compatibility between straw fiber and polymer was improved significantly, as well as the mechanical property (storage modulus) of the composite material. Effect of polymer surface modification was greatly affected by the duration and intension of plasma treatment.