自从松萎蔫病于1988年首次报道以来，该病已经扩散到韩国大部分地区并引起未能预见的危害。从2000年该病危害急剧增加，到2006年危害面积已达7 871 hm2。2000—2008年伐除的病树已达1 851 225株，年经济损失达1 000万美元。2006年后危害面积下降，2008年下降到6 015 hm2。但至2008年该病已经扩散至韩国54个地区、县和11省。调查发现松材线虫可以被云杉花墨天牛(Monochamus saltuarius)所携带。防治的策略为：(1)连续地监测；(2)病株的早期检测；(3)伐除病株；(4)焚烧和熏蒸伐除的病木。对人文和旅游景点及成熟林可以采取注射法防治，也可采取飞防的方法防治天牛。韩国已经通过了法律，禁止病木的运输。在首次发现该病后连续3 a未发生重复感染的地区，建立无病区和优选系统。
Abstract
Since pine wilt disease was first reported in 1988, it has been spread out over most part of south Korea and caused unexpected damages in Korea forest. The damages were dramatically increased from 2000 and peaked in 2006 with 7 871 hm2. The total numbers of removed trees reached 1 851 225 between 2000 and 2008. The annual cost for the management is more than 10 million dollars and it has been annually increased. However, the damaged area was slowly decreased after 2006 and it became 6 015 hm2 in 2008. The pine wilt disease has spread to 54 districts, counties, and cities in 11 provinces at the end of 2008. In Korea, pine (Pinus spp.), the susceptible hosts of pine wilt disease, occupies 23.5 % of the total forest and 15.1 % of the national land. In December 2006, the pine wilt disease was newly reported in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) located at Gwangju in Gyeonggi province and we found a new insect vector, Monochamus saltuarius, was involved. The management strategies are (1)monitoring continuously, (2)early detection of infected trees, (3)cutting off infected woods which vectors occupied and (4)cutting, burning, or fumigation of the woods. For prevention, a trunk injection has been selected especially for the pines appointed as cultural treasure or the area of mature healthy forests. Aerial spraying is also a way of prevention performed from May to July when the adult pine sawyer beetles emerge. Korea Forest Service established “Special law for pine wilt disease” to restrict the movement of infected trees and recently made “Clean area selection system” which is applied for the area where there is no further report of infected trees for 3 years after first occurrence. Various approaches for the management of pine wilt disease contributed to diminish the infected area of pine wilt disease in Korea.
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参考文献
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基金
IUFRO2009国际松萎蔫病研讨会学术论文摘要选登
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