杉木的育种群体中,维持合理的遗传多样性和清晰的遗传背景,是长周期、多世代遗传改良采用的核心策略之一。基于基因组分子标记,利用自主开发的52对杉木SSR引物,对国家级杉木种质资源库保存的遗传材料——杉木第1代遗传改良收集的93份种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:52对SSR引物在93份材料中共检测到254个等位变异,等位变异范围为2～8个,平均等位基因数为4.88个,平均有效等位基因数为2.32个,平均观察杂合度为0.43,平均Nei’s多样性指数为0.50,平均Shannon信息指数为0.98,这5个评价遗传多样性水平的指标具有较大程度的一致性。不同引物的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、观察杂合度、多样性指数和Shannon信息指数等均表明杉木育种群体中存在较大的遗传差异,其变异系数分别为24.88%、44.75%、34.20%、34.89%和33.59%。93份种质资源间遗传相似系数的平均值为0.693 3,变化范围为0.490 0～0.919 3; 遗传距离的平均值0.370 3,变化范围为0.086 3～0.713 4。当距离阀值为20时,可将杉木第1代育种群体中的93份种质资源划分为5大类; 当距离阀值为15时,第5大类的77份种质资源可细分为16个亚类。SSR分子标记聚类的结果可为种质资源的管理及提高育种效率提供重要依据。
Abstract
It is the core strategy of multi-generation genetic improvement to maintain a reasonable genetic diversity and clear genetic background in breeding populations during the Chinese fir genetic improvement. The genetic materials, which were conserved in the Chinese national germplasm bank, were analyzed systematically by 52 pairs of SSR markers developed. The genetic diversity in the 1st breeding populations was evaluated based upon the molecular level of SSR markers. The results showed that there were 254 polymorphic SSR loci detected by 52 pairs of SSR primers, of which each SSR marker produced polymorphic loci alleles ranged from 2 to 8, and all sites observed number of alleles, numbers of effect alleles, observed heterozygosity, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon information index were 4.88, 2.32, 0.43, 0.50 and 0.98, respectively. The five evaluation indices for the level of genetic diversity were consistent. Observed number of alleles, effectives numbers of alleles, observed heterozygosity, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon information index were different among 52 pairs of SSR markers, and their coefficient of variation were 24.88%,44.75%,34.20%,34.89% and 33.59%, respectively. The average value of genetic identities was 0.693 3 among 93 samples, ranged from 0.490 0 to 0.919 3; the average value of genetic distance was 0.370 3, ranged from 0.086 3 to 0.713 4. And according to the UPGMA cluster analysis, the 93 samples could be obviously divided into five main groups based on genetic distance(D=20), When the genetic distance value was set at 15(D=15), the fifth group(including 77 germplasm)could be divided into 16 sub-groups. UPGMA clustering results indicated that most of the collections could be grouped upon their original geographic sites to be selected; even those relationships between germplasm classification and geographic origin would be very complicated.
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基金
收稿日期:2013-04-16 修回日期:2013-10-12
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004049); 福建省林木种苗科技攻关三期项目(闽林科[2009]4号); 福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项项目(2010R1013-2)
第一作者:欧阳磊,高级工程师,博士生。*通信作者:陈金慧,教授,博士。E-mail:jhchen99@163.com; 郑仁华,教授级高工,博士。E-mail:zrh08@126.com。
引文格式:欧阳磊,陈金慧,郑仁华,等. 杉木育种群体SSR分子标记遗传多样性分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(1):21-26.
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