环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策

徐勇峰; 陈子鹏; 吴翼; 朱咏莉; 李萍萍

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.001

环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策

徐勇峰,陈子鹏,吴翼,朱咏莉,李萍萍

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02) : 1-8.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02) : 1-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.001

专题报道(Ⅰ)

环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策

徐勇峰,陈子鹏,吴翼,朱咏莉^*,李萍萍^*

作者信息 +

Advances on agricultural non-point source pollution and the control in regions around Hung-tse Lake

XU Yongfeng, CHEN Zipeng, WU Yi, ZHU Yongli^*, LI Pingping^*

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文章历史 +

摘要

洪泽湖是位于江苏省西北部的我国第四大淡水湖泊,同时是南水北调东线工程的重要节点湖泊。然而,目前洪泽湖水质总体状况仍呈下降趋势,其中面源污染是重要原因之一。笔者对环洪泽湖地区农业面源污染的特点、来源与诱因以及控制技术等进行系统评述,分析认为:不合理的化肥施用是该区域第一大面源污染来源; 围网养殖区无序规划及大量外源性饵料的投加,使得水产养殖的污染排放呈现增加趋势; 畜禽养殖污染物的排放、农村污水及废弃物的随意丢弃等造成的污染总量也仍然很大。环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染的控制对策为:①发展生态农业,科学施肥和施药; ②开展围网养殖的综合整治,改善养殖模式; ③加强污水管控,农业废弃物的循环利用; ④优化土地利用方式,实现农田、林地、湿地协同控污。

Abstract

Hung-tse Lake, located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province, is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. It is also one of the key hinge lakes in the east route of the south-to-north water transfer project. However, the water quality for the lake was worse than grade Ⅴ according to the Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water of the People’s Republic of China. Non-point source pollution around the lake was considered one of the main reasons. In the present study, the feature, sources, inducement, control and management of agricultural non-point pollution around the lake were reviewed. We held that the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer was the largest source of the pollution. Aquaculture pollution was substantially increasing due to the facts of the ineffective management to enclosure culture and the abuse of exogenous diets. In addition, the emissions of livestock and poultry breeding, rural sewage and unordered waste management were the main contributors of the pollution. Therefore, the control strategies for the agricultural non-point source pollution in the regions should focused on ① developing ecological agriculture with reasonable applications of fertilizer and pesticides, ② integrating and optimizing the aquaculture, ③ improving the treatment of rural sewage and recycling of agricultural wastes, ④ reducing pollution by enhancing the land use among farmlands, woodlands and wetlands.

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徐勇峰,陈子鹏,吴翼,朱咏莉,李萍萍. 环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2016, 40(02): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.001

XU Yongfeng, CHEN Zipeng, WU Yi, ZHU Yongli, LI Pingping. Advances on agricultural non-point source pollution and the control in regions around Hung-tse Lake[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2016, 40(02): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.001

中图分类号： X52 S19

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基金

收稿日期:2015-12-11 修回日期:2016-01-08
基金项目:江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20131424); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
第一作者:徐勇峰(540321605@qq.com)。*通信作者:朱咏莉(zhuyongli76@126.com),研究员,负责论文的资料整理、文字修改。李萍萍(lipingping@ujs.edu.cn),教授,负责论文的选题、结构组织与对策修改。
引文格式:徐勇峰,陈子鹏,吴翼,等. 环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):1-8.