【目的】为了解亚太地区途经上海崇明东滩湿地的迁徙鸟类群落变化、种间关系及迁徙机制,对崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区环志鸟类群落的年际变化及迁徙物种种群数量种间变化的相关性进行研究。【方法】依照《鸟类环志技术规程》记录2005—2014年东滩湿地环志鸟类种类和数量,计算各年度内鸟类日均环志数量、物种比例、群落物种多样性指数及均匀度指数。【结果】10 a间共环志鸟类3目(鸻形目、鹳形目和鸥形目)8科51种。年环志种类在32～45种间波动,环志鸟类生物多样性指数为2.38～2.79,均匀度指数为0.68～0.76。日均环志数量呈下降趋势,从2006年日均环志59.07只下降到2014年日均环志17.13只。10年间年均环志量均超过环志总数1%的常见种有大滨鹬(Calidris tenuirostris)、黑腹滨鹬(C.alpine)、红颈滨鹬(C.ruficollis)等10种鸻鹬类; 对其进行两两种间种群数量随时间变化的相关性分析表明, 有14对呈显著正相关, 其中5对呈极显著正相关。【结论】环志鸟类迁徙路线上栖息湿地破坏与减少是导致环志鸟类种类和数量变化的主要潜在因素。
Abstract
【Objective】To understand the migratory bird community change and the mechanism of bird migration in the Asian Pacific region, inter-annual variation of binding bird diversity and inter-specific correlation of binding birds were examined in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve.【Method】According to Technical Specification for Bird Banding, we recorded banding bird species and quantity from 2005 to 2014 in Dongtan wetland. We calculated the quantity of banding bird species and average daily banding bird quantity each year, the average proportion of birds banded, bio-diversity index and evenness index.【Result】In total, three orders(Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes and Lariformes)eight families and 51 species birds were banded from 2005 to 2014 in Dongtan wetland. The quantity of banding bird species ranged from 32 to 45 species over the period of 2005-2014. The diversity index were between 2.38 and 2.79, and the evenness index were between 0.68 and 0.76 during the ten years period. Average daily banding bird number decreased from 59.07 in 2006 to 17.13 in 2014. Inter-specific correlation analysis for ten selected shorebird(more than 1% of the total number of the birds)such as Calidris tenuirostris, C. alpine, C. ruficollis showed that 14 pairs of shorebirds were correlated and 5 pairs were significantly positively correlated, which contained Calidris tenuirostris, C. alpina, C. ruficollis and so on. 【Conclusion】 The invasion of Spartina alterniflora and their governance, wetland habitat loss and degradation in the banding bird migration route are the main potential factors,which changed the quantity of the banding birds and the quantity of their species.
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基金
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201404305); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
第一作者:曹牧(cm129mc@163.com),博士生。*通信作者:薛建辉(jhxue@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
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