【目的】县域生态环境脆弱性动态变化的定量评价为县域环境生态恢复与生态重建提供重要依据。【方法】采用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以北京市密云县自然环境和社会资料两方面的12种栅格数据为基础数据,建立栅格大小为30 m的生态环境质量评价指标空间数据库,在此基础上基于“敏感度-弹性度-压力度”模式,应用多层次模糊综合评价方法和自然分界法将生境脆弱度划分5个等级,评价了北京市密云县生态环境脆弱性,采用转移矩阵的方法分析了生态环境脆弱性时空变化规律,并进一步通过野外调查的植被覆盖度数据进行验证。【结果】2003—2013年研究区生态环境质量都呈现“北部山区优于南部平原、高海拔林区优于低海拔耕作区”的空间分布特点。研究区域2003年中度脆弱区的面积比例最大,微度脆弱区次之,面积比例分别为40.43%和37.00%; 2013年研究区微度脆弱区和低度脆弱区的面积比例之和达到76.52%,呈绝对的好转趋势。【结论】经过10 a的天然林保护等一系列生态环境工程的建设和环境保护政策的推行,区域环境生态质量改善效果显著。基于“敏感度-弹性度-压力度”模式构建的评价模型,可用于对省级、地市级及县级生态环境脆弱性进行评价。
Abstract
【Objective】In order to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic changes of ecological vulnerability in Miyun County of Beijing City.【Method】By using remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)technology to preprocess 12 kinds of grid data from two aspects of natural environment and social data, a spatial database for the ecological environment quality evaluation index with a spatial resolution of 30 m was established. Based on the sensitivity-elasticity-pressure model, a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive method coupled with a natural boundary method was used to assess the ecological environment vulnerability of Miyun County through dividing the vulnerability into five grades. Further, the spatio temporal variations of vulnerability were analyzed based on transfer matrix method, followed by a validation using vegetation coverage data collected from filed investigation. 【Result】For ecological environment quality in 2003-2013, the northern mountainous area was better than that of the southern plains, and forest region with a higher altitude was better than that of the low altitude farming area. The area proportion of moderate vulnerable area in the study region in 2003 was the largest, followed by the slight vulnerable area, with an area ratio of 40.43% and 37.00%, respectively. The sum of area percentage of slight vulnerable area and low vulnerable area in the study region reached 76.52% in 2013, absolutely showing a dominance of improvement trend. 【Conclusion】After a 10-year’s construction of a series of ecological and environmental protection projects such as natural forest protection project, as well as implementation of environmental protection policy, the ecological environment quality of Miyun County has been greatly improved. The evaluate method based on the sensitivity-elasticity-pressure model could be applied to evaluate the ecological vulnerability at Province, District and County scale.
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基金
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31300533)
第一作者:毛学刚(maoxuegang@aliyun.com),讲师。
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