Abstract: 【Objective】 To identify the nutrient limitation of typical grassland in the upper reaches of Ili River on the basis of stoichiometry characteristics of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)in grassland ecosystem, which provides theoretical basis for nutrient cycling and plant-soil nutrient management of different grassland communities and scientific basis for the improvement of ecological environment in this area. 【Method】Combined field investigation and laboratory analysis, the ecological stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in plants and soils from the typical grassland ecosystems were obtained. 【Result】 The results showed that the contents of N, P and K with above ground plant and under ground root varied greatly. The N contents of above ground followed an order as: mountain meadow and steppe alpine meadow > desert steppe, semi-desert steppe and alpine meadows; the order of N contents of plant underground roots were semi-desert steppe and desert steppe > mountain meadow steppe, mountain and alpine meadow. Different types of grassland ecosystems in plant above-ground P contents had a significantly negative correlation with the N/P ratio of plant. The soil N and soil P contents, soil P contents and soil N/P ratio had a significantly positive correlation. The soil N content was positively correlated with the soil N/P ratio with a correlation coefficient of 0.983. 【Conclusion】 The soil lacked N in the study area. It is suggested appropriately to add N fertilizer for improving the grassland productivities.