甘肃敦煌西湖湿地芦苇盐化草甸植物群落生态位特征研究.

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201803020

国家林草科技领军期刊
中国精品科技期刊
中国高校百佳科技期刊
江苏省新闻出版政府奖期刊奖
RCCSE林学权威期刊（A+）
CSCD核心期刊
Scopus数据库收录期刊
中文核心期刊
SCD核心期刊

作者加群：102861116

微信公众号：南京林业大学学报

高级检索

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (02): 191-196.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201803020

甘肃敦煌西湖湿地芦苇盐化草甸植物群落生态位特征研究.

张继强^1,2,陈文业^1,2*,谈嫣蓉^1,2,刘冬皓^1,2,袁海峰³,王斌杰^1,2,刘鸿源¹,陈旭³

(1.甘肃省林业科学研究院,甘肃兰州 730020; 2.甘肃敦煌西湖湿地生态系统定位研究站,甘肃敦煌 736200; 3.甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区管理局,甘肃敦煌 736200)

出版日期:2019-03-30 发布日期:2019-03-30
基金资助:
收稿日期:2018-03-20 修回日期:2018-12-14
基金项目:甘肃省科技重大专项项目(1302FKDA035); 2017年陇原青年创新创业人才项目(甘肃省敦煌西湖湿地植物群落特征与水盐因子相互响应研究)。
第一作者:张继强(gszhjq@126.com),高级工程师,ORCID(0000-0001-7375-6798)。
*通信作者:陈文业(gschwy@163.com),研究员,ORCID(0000-0002-6137-5880)。

Niche characteristics of a salinized Phragmites communis meadow in a wetland of West Lake, Dunhuang, Gansu Province

ZHANG Jiqiang^1,2,CHEN Wenye^1,2*,TAN Yanrong^1,2,LIU Donghao^1,2, YUAN Haifeng³, WANG Binjie^1,2,LIU Hongyuan¹,CHEN Xu³

(1.Gansu Research Academy of Forestry Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2. Gansu Dunhuang Xihu Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China; 3. Administrative Bureau of Gansu Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve, Dunhuang 736200, China)

Online:2019-03-30 Published:2019-03-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】甘肃敦煌西湖湿地为中国西北极端干旱区拥有较大芦苇草甸面积的湿地,生态区位优势明显且特殊,在河西走廊乃至中国西部的生态安全占有极为重要的战略地位。通过研究芦苇盐化草甸退化过程中植物群落生态位的特征,探讨各优势种群对资源环境的利用状况和种间关系,可为盐化草甸植被的恢复和治理提供科学参考。【方法】于2017年9月上旬,在甘肃敦煌西湖国家湿地生态系统定位研究站的试验点(93°45'48″E,40°20'34″N)进行野外调查,以盐池湾盆底中心最低点(海拔997 m)为基点,分别自西向东、自南向北成直角分别布设1条样带。在每条样带中设置5个30 m×30 m的固定样地,每个固定样地相隔100 m,样地内沿2条对角线随机选取5个5 m×5 m的小样方,记录每个样方内的植物种类、高度、多度、盖度、密度等指标,共计调查50个小样方。基于野外调查结果,运用Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数,对敦煌西湖芦苇盐化草甸植物群落生态位特征进行研究。【结果】①敦煌西湖盐化草甸群落的物种组成相对单一,主要由超旱生、盐生、沙生、湿生和水生等植物组成,在10个样地中共统计到9种植物,分属6科9属,出现频率最高的是芦苇,其次是疏叶骆驼刺,其种群在空间分布具有明显的荒漠和湿地相兼性和过渡性; ②9个优势种中,生态位宽度(B_i)从大到小依次为芦苇(0.350)>疏叶骆驼刺(0.263)>圆囊苔草(0.185)>赖草(0.184)=猪毛菜(0.184)>胀果甘草(0.145)>罗布麻(0.117)>黑枸杞(0.115)>海乳草(0.059),其中芦苇和疏叶骆驼刺的生态位宽度远高于其他种群; ③生态位重叠度(O_kj)主要介于0.505 ～0.995之间,其中,O_kj>0.7的有19对,占总对数的53%; O_kj>0.8的有15对,占总对数的42%; O_kj>0.9的有9对,占总对数的25%,种群之间的生态位重叠程度总体上较高,表明敦煌西湖芦苇盐化草甸群落绝大多数的植物种群间对资源利用具有较高的相似性。【结论】甘肃敦煌西湖特殊的地理环境条件孕育了极干旱区独一无二的芦苇盐化草甸群落,其群落特征是荒漠植被和湿地植被的综合体现,群落种群在空间分布上具有明显的荒漠和湿地相兼性和过渡性,构成了敦煌西湖特有的荒漠-湿地植被景观。敦煌西湖芦苇盐化草甸各种群之间生态位重叠程度总体上较高,生态位分化不明显, 最大的生态位重叠指数伴随着最大的生态位宽度,发生在优势种之间,表明该群落种群间资源的利用具有较高的相似性。特别是优势种芦苇和疏叶骆驼刺存在激烈的竞争,这种状态成为潜在的演替趋势,如果环境条件持续恶化,地下水位下降,将导致以芦苇为优势的盐化草甸将向疏叶骆驼刺占优的荒漠植被方向演替。

Abstract: 【Objective】 A wetland with a large reed area exists in West Lake, Dunhuang, Gansu Province in the extremely arid region of Northwest China; however, artificial and natural interference have caused environmental conditions to decline in this region. The aim of this study is to understand the niche characteristics of the plant community and its succession trends in the degraded saline reed meadow, as this will provide important information for the restoration and management of salinized Phragmites communis.【Method】A field investigation was conducted in West Lake, Dunhuang in early September 2017. The center of the field was in the lowest region of Yanchiwan(elevation 997 m). Two sample belts were placed at right angles to each other in west-east and south-north directions. Five fixed plots(30 m ×30 m)were positioned in each sample belt and plots were 100 m apart. Five small plots(5 m×5 m)were randomly selected along two diagonals in the sample plot. Plant species, height, abundance, coverage, and density were recorded in 50 small plots. Niche characteristics of the reed salt meadow were examined using Levins niche breadth index and Panika niche overlap index based on the results of the field investigation.【Result】Nine species of plants(belonging to six families and nine genera)occurred in 10 plots, including super-xerophytic, halophytic, sandy, wet and aquatic plants. Phragmites communis was the dominant species in the salinized meadow community, and its spatial distribution was characterized by the coexistence and transition between desert and wetland types. The niche breadth order was: Phragmites communis (0.350), Alhagi sparsifolia (0.263), Carex orbicularis(0.185), Glycyrrhiza inflate(0.184), Leymus secalinus (0.184), Salsola collina (0.145), Apocynum venetum (0.117), Lycium ruthenicum (0.115), and Glaux maritima (0.059). Niche overlap(O_kj)ranged from 0.505 to 0.995. The O_kj of 19 pairs of populations were greater than 0.7, 15 pairs were greater than 0.8, and 9 pairs were greater than 0.9, accounting for 53%, 42% and 25% of the total, respectively. Overall, there was a high level of niche overlap among species. Results show that there was high similarity in resource utilization among plant populations in the reed saline meadow in Dunhuang West Lake.【Conclusion】The reed saline meadow community in Dunhuang West Lake consisted of desert vegetation and wetland vegetation, and its spatial distribution was characterized by the coexistence and transition between desert and wetland types. The maximum niche overlap index of reed saline meadow was accompanied by the maximum niche width between dominant species. Otherwise, niche differentiation between groups was not obvious. In particular, strong competition was observed between Phragmites communis and Alhagi sparsifolia, indicating that if environmental conditions decline and groundwater levels decrease, the saline meadow that is currently dominated by Phragmites communis will be succeeded by desert vegetation(primarily Alhagi sparsifolia).

中图分类号:

Q948.15
S718

张继强,陈文业,谈嫣蓉,等. 甘肃敦煌西湖湿地芦苇盐化草甸植物群落生态位特征研究.[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(02): 191-196.

ZHANG Jiqiang,CHEN Wenye,TAN Yanrong,LIU Donghao, YUAN Haifeng, WANG Binjie,LIU Hongyuan,CHEN Xu. Niche characteristics of a salinized Phragmites communis meadow in a wetland of West Lake, Dunhuang, Gansu Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 43(02): 191-196.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201803020.

参考文献

[1] 吴三雄,袁海峰.甘肃省敦煌国家级自然保护区科学考察报告[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010: 144-146.
WU S X, YUAN H F. The report of Dunhuang National Nature Reserve in Gansu research investigation [M].Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2010: 144-146.
[2] 刘迺发. 甘肃敦煌自然保护区科学考察 [M].北京: 中国林业出版社, 2001:16-20.
LIU N F. Gansu Dunhuang national nature reserve research investigation [M].Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2001:16-20.
[3] 戚登臣,陈文业,张继强,等.敦煌西湖湿地生态系统现状、退化原因及综合修复对策[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):194-203.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20100425.
QI D C, CHEN W Y, ZHANG J Q,et al. Status degraded causes and comprehensive treatment of Dunhuang West Lake Wetland ecosystem[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):194-203.
[4]王立新.内蒙古草原区河流河滨带湿地植被分布格局、过程与功能研究[D].呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学,2012.
WANG L X. The spatial distribution of wetland vegetation and its ecological process and function on riparian zone of riverscape in inner Mongolia grassland[D].Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University,2012.
[5]张宏,樊自立.塔里木盆地北部盐化草甸植被净第一性生产力模型研究[J].植物生态学报,2000(1):13-17. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2000.01.003.
ZHANG H, FAN Z L. Studeies on anpp model of sal in ized meadow in the north of TARIM Basin [J].Chinese Jolernal of Plant Ecology,2000(1):13-17.
[6]阎顺国,沈禹颖,朱兴运,等.河西走廊盐化草甸植被分布演替与土壤水盐的关系[J].草业学报,1994,3(3):16-21.
YAN S G, SHENG Y Y, ZHU X Y, et al. On the relationships among distribution succession as well as soil wate and salt of plant vegetation in saline meadow area of Hexi Corridor Northwestern GanSu China [J].ActaPratacultureSinica,1994,3(3):16-21.
[7]张继强,陈文业,康建军,等.甘肃敦煌西湖湿地芦苇群落种间关联性研究[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(2):358-363. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.02.0358.
ZHANG J Q, CHEN W Y, KANG J J, et al. Study on interrelated dominant community between species of Phragmites communis in Dunhuang West Lake Wetland of Gansu[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(2):358-363.
[8]杨俊仓,施锦,陈伟涛.敦煌西湖湿地演化趋势及保护对策[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(5):716-721. DOI:10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2014.05.023.
YANG J C, SHI J, CHEN W T. Evolution trend of and protection measures for Dunhuang West Lake Wetland[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2014,50(5):716-721.
[9]王鑫,胡玉昆,热合木都拉·阿迪拉,等.巴音布鲁克高寒草原羊茅群落生态位特征[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(2):255-260.
WANG X, HU Y K, REHEMULA ADILA. Niche characteristics of Stipa purpurea community in alpine meadow of Bayanbulak [J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(2):255-260.
[10] 卢琦,李新荣,肖洪浪.荒漠生态系统观测方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004:66-75.
LU Q, LI X R, XIAO H L.Observation methods of desert ecosystem [M].Beijing: China Environmental Science Press,2004:66-75.
[11] 李博,杨持,林鹏. 生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:120-147.
LI B, YANG C, LIN P.Ecology[M].Beijing: Higher Education Press,2004:120-147.
[12] 张德魁,王继和,马全林,等.古浪县北部荒漠植被主要植物种的生态位特征[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):471-475. DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.2007.0085.
ZHANG D K, WANG J H, MA Q L, et al. Niche characteristics of main plant species in desert areas of North Gulang County,Gansu Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007,26(4):471-475.
[13] LEVINS R. Evolution in changing environments some theoreticalexplorations[M].Princeton: Princeton University Press,1968.
[14] 白欢欢,王雪峰,徐建国.天然黄山松群落主要树种营养生态位特征研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(2):81-88. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201706043.
BAI H H, WANG X F, XU J G, et al. Nutrition ecological niche of dominant arbor species in natural Pinus taiwanensis community in Daiyun Mountain [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Nature Sciences Edition), 2018,42(2):81-88.
[15] PIANKA E R. The structure of Lizard communities[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973, 4:53-74.DOI: 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000413.
[16] 王霞,铁军,刘泽宇.山西陵川南方红豆杉群落优势种生态位特征[J].生态科学,2017,36(5):64-72. DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2017.05.009.
WANG X, TIE J, LIU Z Y. Niche characteristics of dominant plant species in Taxus chinensisvar.mairei community of Lingchuan, in Shanxi[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017,36(5):64-72.
[17] ROBERT M, CHRISTOPH N, WILHELM B, et al. Biodiversity and endemism mapping as a tool for regional conservation planning-case study of the Pleurothallidinae(Orchidaceae)of the Andeanrain forests in Bolivia[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2003,12(10):2005-2024.DOI:10.1023.a:1024195412457.
[18] 潘高,张合平,潘登.湖南青羊湖国家森林公园针阔混交林主要种群生态位特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(2):69-75. DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2017.02.012.
PAN G, ZHANG H P, PAN D. Niche characteristics of dominant populations within mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Qingyanghu National Park[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2017,37(2):69-75.
[19] 张继义,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地植物群落恢复演替系列种群生态位动态特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2741-2745. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2003.12.030.
ZHANG J Y, ZHAO H L, ZHANG T H.Niche dynamics of main populations of plants communities in the restoring succession process in Horqin Sandy Land [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003,23(12):2741-2745.
[20] 刘旻霞.敦煌西湖自然保护区生物多样性特征及生境质量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(3):171-174.DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2009.03.012.
LIU M X. Biodiversity characters and eco-environment quality evaluation on nature reserve of West Lake in Dunhuang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(3):171-174.
[21] 段浩,潘世兵,李琳,等.敦煌西湖自然保护区湿地演化及驱动力分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(2):222-228.
DUAN H, PAN S C, LI L, et al. Analysis on Wetland evolution and its driving factors of Dunhuang West Lake Nature Protection Area [J].Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015,17(2):222-228.
[22] 陈子萱,田福平,牛俊义,等. 玛曲高寒沙化草地植物生态位特征研究[J].草地学报,2007,15(6):525-530. DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2007.06.004.
CHEN Z X, TIAN F P, NIU J Y, et al. Study on characteristics of plant niche in Maqu alpine desertified meadow [J].Journal of Geo-information Science, 2007,15(6):525-530.

甘肃敦煌西湖湿地芦苇盐化草甸植物群落生态位特征研究.

Niche characteristics of a salinized Phragmites communis meadow in a wetland of West Lake, Dunhuang, Gansu Province

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

作者

读者

审稿