NaN3处理对乌桕种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202002044

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 47-54.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202002044

NaN₃处理对乌桕种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

陈黎¹(), 朱超¹, 朱庆祥¹, 王翠鸣¹, 鲍佳书¹, 莫辰¹, 施婷婷², 万志兵¹()

^1.黄山学院生命与环境科学学院，安徽黄山 245041
^2.南京林业大学风景园林学院，江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-02-20 修回日期:2020-04-02 出版日期:2020-07-22 发布日期:2020-08-13
通讯作者: 万志兵
作者简介:陈黎（Hsxycl@hsu.edu.cn），副教授。
基金资助:
江苏省科技计划重点项目(BE2017375);安徽省林业科技创新研究项目(AHLYCX-2019-28);安徽省大学生创新训练项目(201810375091);安徽省卓越农艺师实践教育基地省级校企合作项目(2014sjjd068)

Effects of NaN₃ on Sapium sebiferum seed germination and seedling growth

CHEN Li¹(), ZHU Chao¹, ZHU Qingxiang¹, WANG Cuiming¹, BAO Jiashu¹, MO Chen¹, SHI Tingting², WAN Zhibing¹()

^1.College of Life and Environment Sciences，Huangshan University，Huangshan 245041，China
^2.College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210037，China

Received:2020-02-20 Revised:2020-04-02 Online:2020-07-22 Published:2020-08-13
Contact: WAN Zhibing

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

研究乌桕( Sapium sebiferum)种子萌发、幼苗生长及光合特性对不同浓度NaN₃诱变的响应差异，为乌桕幼苗早期优良品质突变体筛选技术提供理论依据。

方法

以乌桕种子为研究对象，设置NaN₃浓度为0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35 mmol/L 8个诱变处理，测定其种子萌发率、幼苗生长指标、生物量、叶片的基本光合参数、叶片的叶绿素（SPAD值）和花青素（ACI值）等，比较其生长及光合能力的变化情况。

结果

不同浓度的NaN₃对乌桕种子萌发、幼苗生长及光合能力的影响有显著差异， NaN₃处理对乌桕种子的萌发率均起抑制作用，并随着浓度的增加抑制作用增强， 35 mmol/L时萌发率最低，抑制指数达到74.31%；20 mmol/L处理下幼苗苗高、生物量、根系的总长度、比表面积、根尖数等显著高于其他浓度处理，且对NaN₃浓度的响应趋势基本一致，表现为“低促高抑”现象；幼苗叶片在C4处理下的净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、水分利用率（E_WUE）均最大，显著高于其他处理，胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）最低；NaN₃处理对叶片的SPAD值和ACI值影响随着浓度的增加均呈现出先增后减趋势，当NaN₃处理浓度为20 mmol/L时，SPAD和ACI值均最高;NaN₃不同浓度处理，对叶片SPAD值的影响明显大于ACI值。

结论

随着NaN₃浓度的增加，乌桕种子的萌发率呈降低趋势，接近半致死浓度为20～30 mmol/L，幼苗生长及P_n、G_s 、T_r、E_WUE、SPAD值和ACI值均表现为先增后减趋势，C_i和根冠比为先减后增趋势，对NaN₃处理均有不同程度的响应。综合分析，诱变处理乌桕种子的适宜条件为NaN₃浓度20 mmol/L处理 6 h。此研究为开展乌桕NaN₃ 诱变育种提供技术支持。

关键词: 乌桕, NaN₃诱变, 幼苗生长, 光合特性, 突变育种

Abstract: Objective

We investigated the effects of NaN₃ on Sapium sebiferum seed germination and seedling growth, so as to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a technical system for screening mutants of early quality of Sapium sebiferum.

Method

Eight contents of NaN₃ (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 mmol/L) were tested to study the effects of NaN₃ solution concentration on the seed germination percentage and seedling growth. We treated the seeds of Sapium sebiferum by mutagenesis, measured the seedling rate, seedling growth index, biomass, basic photosynthetic parameters of leaves, SPAD value and ACI value of leaves, and compared the changes of their growth and photosynthetic capacity.

Result

The seed germination, seedling growth and the effects of photosynthetic capacity of Sapium sebiferum under different concentrations of NaN₃have significant differences. NaN₃ treatment had an inhibiting effect on the germination rate of Sapium sebiferum, with the increase of concentrations, the inhibitory effect was enhanced. The germination rate was the lowest at 35 mmol/L, and the inhibitory index reached 74.31%. Seedling height, biomass, total root length, specific surface area and root tip number of seedlings treated with 20 mmol/L were significantly higher than those treated with other concentrations, and the response trend to NaN₃ concentration was basically the same, showing a phenomenon of “low promoting and high inhibiting”. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s)， transpiration rate (T_r) and water utilization rate (E_WUE) of seedling leaves under NaN₃20 mmol/L treatment were the highest, significantly higher than the other treatments, and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) was the lowest. The effect of NaN₃ on the SPAD value and ACI value of the leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of the concentration, and the effect on the SPAD value of the leaves was significantly greater than that of ACI value, but the 20 mmol/L treatment was the best and significantly greater than the other treatments.

Conclusion

With the increase of concentration of NaN₃, Sapium sebiferum seed germination rate is lower and lower, closing to the half lethal concentration which is 20—30 mmol/L,seedling growth and P_n, G_s, T_r, E_WUE, SPAD and ACI values show a trend of increasing initially and decreasing later, both C_i and root-cap ratio decrease initially and increase later, and have different responses to NaN₃. Through the comprehensive analysis, the suitable condition for NaN₃ mutation treatment of Sapium sebiferum seeds is 20 mmol/L for 6 h. These results provideu technical support for the research on NaN₃ mutagenesis breeding of Sapium sebiferum, and can also be used as a theoretical reference for the breeding of new varieties of Sapium sebiferum, the promotion of superior varieties and the production practice.

Key words: Sapium sebiferum, NaN₃ mutagenesis, seeding growth, photosynthetic characteristics, mutation breeding

中图分类号:

S722.1

陈黎,朱超,朱庆祥,等. NaN₃处理对乌桕种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(4): 47-54.

CHEN Li, ZHU Chao, ZHU Qingxiang, WANG Cuiming, BAO Jiashu, MO Chen, SHI Tingting, WAN Zhibing. Effects of NaN₃ on Sapium sebiferum seed germination and seedling growth[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(4): 47-54.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202002044.

图/表 5

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

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处理 treatment	萌发率/% germination rate	苗高/cm seedling height	根生物量/g root biomass	茎叶生物量/g stem and leaf biomass	根冠比 root?shoot ratio
CK	61.00±11.37 a	107.37±2.69 b	5.47±0.41 b	14.74±1.75 de	0.38±0.05 ab
C1	54.00± 7.02 b	105.60± 7.15 b	5.74±0.25 b	20.18±0.22 c	0.28±0.01 bc
C2	44.67± 5.04 b	107.73± 3.90 b	5.50±0.60 b	18.08± 1.89 cd	0.32±0.06 abc
C3	37.00± 6.25 b	108.73± 1.01 b	7.77±0.74 a	29.25±1.31 b	0.27±0.04 bc
C4	33.67± 5.78 bc	124.63± 4.26 a	8.50±0.49 a	36.10±2.13 a	0.24±0.02 c
C5	34.00± 5.20 bc	123.00± 5.90 a	8.00±0.79 a	34.01±1.23 a	0.23±0.03 c
C6	31.00 ±1.53 b	98.90 ±2.29 bc	3.67±0.35 c	10.58±0.64 e	0.34±0.03 abc
C7	15.67± 1.20 c	88.63± 2.14 c	3.22±0.24 c	7.76± 0.98 e	0.43±0.07 a

处理 treatment	SPAD			ACI
	均值	抑制指数/%	总值	均值	抑制指数/%	总值
	mean value	inhibitory index	gross value	mean value	inhibitory index	gross value
CK	31.31±1.69 a	—	139.31±4.85	5.97±0.46 ab	—	23.86± 0.48
C1	32.47±1.43 b	-3.70	147.55±5.89	6.25±0.33 bc	-4.69	25.01± 0.28
C2	35.42±1.34 c	-13.13	154.64±3.80	6.28±0.34 c	-5.19	25.13± 0.10
C3	40.08±2.14 e	-28.01	161.97±1.29	6.60±0.30 d	-10.55	26.39±0.25
C4	43.21±2.81 f	-38.01	170.17±2.04	7.28±0.32 e	-21.94	29.11±0.27
C5	39.01±1.59 e	-24.59	164.02±1.71	6.59±0.21 d	-10.39	26.36±0.02
C6	36.78±1.35 d	-17.47	161.40±4.32	6.26±0.31 c	-4.86	25.04±0.30
C7	33.10±1.70 c	-5.72	146.08±4.39	5.85±0.15 a	2.01	23.39±0.12

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