金叶银杏叶色变化特性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202003045

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 41-48.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202003045

所属专题：色叶树木与木本花卉专题

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金叶银杏叶色变化特性分析

王改萍¹^,³(), 张磊¹, 姚雪冰¹, 祝遵凌²^,³

1.南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学艺术院,江苏南京 210037
3.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-03-15 修回日期:2020-04-28 出版日期:2020-10-30 发布日期:2020-10-30
基金资助:
江苏省科技计划重点项目(BE2017375);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX161005-4)

An analysis of color variation characteristics of golden leaf ginkgo

WANG Gaiping¹^,³(), ZHANG Lei¹, YAO Xuebing¹, ZHU Zunling²^,³

1. College of Forest,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China
2. College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-03-15 Revised:2020-04-28 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】金叶银杏为银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)的1个芽变品种,具有独特的叶色性状及较高的观赏价值和药用价值。通过观察分析金叶银杏实生苗叶色变化特性,为选育更优良的品系及推广利用提供理论依据。【方法】以来自湖北安陆的1年生金叶银杏实生苗为材料,在对叶形、叶色观察的基础上,应用X-Rite色差仪测定叶色参数L ^*、a ^*和b ^*值,计算出反应色彩变化的彩度C ^*和色相角h,测定其色素含量及光合特征参数,并对各指标进行相关性分析。【结果】金叶银杏叶形主要为扇形,叶色4—5月为金黄色,6月开始转绿,先为浅黄绿色,直至深绿,10月底后再次变黄。色差参数L ^*维度方向上,大部分位点集中在中间位置(L ^*值为50~65),a ^*值主要集中在负值区域,b ^*维度方向位点整体呈现上移趋势。色素含量的年变化中, Chla(叶绿素a)、Chlb(叶绿素b)、ChlT(总叶绿素)的含量变化趋势相似,呈现“下降—上升—下降”的规律,且色素含量之间基本达到极显著差异(P<0.01)。Car(类胡萝卜素)含量变化呈现“下降—升高”趋势。ChlT/Car(总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素质量之比)与ChlT的变化趋势相似,Chla/b(叶绿素a与叶绿素b质量比)的变化呈现波动下降。Chla和Chlb均与色差参数L ^*、a ^*、b ^*和C ^*呈负相关,与h则为极显著正相关。Car与色差参数a ^*呈显著正相关,与b ^*呈极显著正相关。P_n(净光合速率)、G_s(气孔导度)的日变化均表现为明显的双峰,T_r(蒸腾强度)在13:00前处于较高水平,15:00后急剧下降。C_i(细胞间隙CO₂浓度)的日变化呈“W”形,即一天之内出现两个低谷,分别在11:00和15:00。P_n与Chla、Car含量呈显著负相关,与Chla/b呈显著正相关。其他光合特征值与色素含量的相关性不明显。【结论】1年生金叶银杏叶形主要为扇形,叶色在4—5月为金黄色,6月逐渐变绿色,10月时变黄。色差参数在4—5月,高亮度单株增加,各单株绿色变浅,随时间推移,黄色加深。相关性分析表明,色素含量与叶色密切相关。

关键词: 金叶银杏, 色差参数, 色素含量, 光合特性

Abstract:

【Objective】Golden leaf ginkgo is a bud-variety of Ginkgo bilobal L.,which is a new strain of ginkgo selected and bred in resent years. It has unique leaf color character and has a high ornamental and medicinal value. The leaves show a distinctive golden color from young ones in April and becomes green in summer and yellow in autumn. Because of its special leaf color and a long ornamental period, it can be used as an important foliage plant in spring and autumn. In recent years, with ginkgo entering the flowering stage, the crossbreeding work of ginkgo has been carried out, through the observation and analysis of the leaf color change characteristics of ginkgo seedlings, the theoretical basis is provided for the selection and application of better lines.【Method】One-year-old seedings of gold leaf ginkgo from Hubei Anlu were used,on the basis of the leaf shape, leaf color observation, the application of X-ray Rite chromatic meter measuring leaf color parameter values of L ^*, a ^* and b ^*, to calculate the reaction colour change of chroma h and C ^*, then measure the pigment content and photosynthetic characteristics index parameters, the correlation analysis and the related indicators.【Result】The golden leaf ginkgo’s shape is mainly fan-shaped, the leaf color is golden in April to May, light yellowish green in June, and it will become yellow again at the end of October.In the direction of L ^* dimension, most of the different color sites are concentrated in the middle position (L ^* value is in the range of 50-65), a ^* value is mainly concentrated in the negative area, and b ^* dimension sites generally show an upward trend.In the annual changes of pigment content, the variation trend of Chlorophyll a(Chla) content was first down, then up and then down slowly,reaching the maximum value in the middle of July. The change of chlorophyll b(Chlb) content as a whole,which increased initially and then decrease,and reached the maximum value in the middle of June.Chlorophyll T(ChlT) showed a trend of “descending-ascending-descending”, and the pigment content basically reached a very significant difference (P<0.01).The change of carotene(Car) content showed a trend of “decrease-increase”.The change trend of ChlT/Car is similar to that of ChlT, and the change of Chl a/b shows a downward trend of fluctuation. Throughout the year in April and October, low of content of Chla and high of both Chlb and Car, the leaf color is yellow. The increase of Chla/b and the decrease of Car are the main reasons for the change from yellow to green and the decrease in yellow degree.Therefore,the content and the ratio of each pigment comprehensively affect the expression of leaf colors.Both Chla and Chlb were negatively correlated with chromatic aberration parameters L ^*, a ^*, b ^* and C ^*, and positively correlated with Car which was significantly positively correlated with a ^* and b ^*, respectively.In the variation of photosynthetic characteristic values, the highest value of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) was at 9:00,and the lowest value was at 13:00.After that,there was another peak at 15:00,showing obvious double peaks and the phenomenon of “lunch break”. The stomatal conductance (G_s) also showed obvious bimodal peaks,which appeared at 9:00 and 15:00 respectively,and it was higher in the morning than that in the afternoon. While the transpiration intensity (T_r) showed a regular variation,which was at a high level from 9:00 to 13:00 on the whole, but it dropped sharply after 15:00,which was the lowest value in a day.The diurnal variation of C_i is “W” type, that is, there are two valleys in one day, respectively at 11:00 and 15:00,the highest in 13:00. P_n was negatively correlation with Chla and Car,and positively correlation with Chla/b.The correlation between other photosynthetic characterstic values and pigment contents was not obvious.【Conclusion】The shape of leaves is mainly fan-shaped at one-year old seedings of golden leaf ginkgo and the leaf color is golden in April-May, changing color in June, gradually turning green, and yellow in October.Color difference parameter between April and May, high brightness per plant increased, the green color became lighter and the yellow deepened with time. The correlation analysis shows that pigment content was closely related to leaf colors, but the correlation between photosynthetic characteristic value and pigment contents was not closely related.

Key words: golden leaf ginkgo, color parameters, pigment content, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S722.8+9

王改萍,张磊,姚雪冰,等. 金叶银杏叶色变化特性分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(5): 41-48.

WANG Gaiping, ZHANG Lei, YAO Xuebing, ZHU Zunling. An analysis of color variation characteristics of golden leaf ginkgo[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(5): 41-48.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202003045.

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参数 parameter	b^*	h	C^*	L^*	a^*
b^*	1	-0.811^**	0.960^**	0.668^*	0.652^*
h		1	-0.763^*	-0.779^**	-0.953^**
C^*			1	0.757^*	0.589
L^*				1	0.696^*
a^*					1

日期 data	w(Chla)/ (mg·g^-1)	w(Chlb)/ (mg·g^-1)	w(ChlT)/ (mg·g^-1)	m(Chla)/ m(Chlb)	w(Car)/ (mg·g^-1)	m(ChlT)/m(Car)
04-10	0.325±0.001 cC	0.084±0.001 fF	0.409±0.000 fE	3.874±0.034 aA	0.155±0.001 gG	2.683±0.017 eE
04-20	0.210±0.002 gG	0.106±0.003 eE	0.316±0.001 gF	1.985±0.043 fEF	0.162±0.001 fF	1.950±0.006 fF
04-30	0.171±0.001 hH	0.062±0.003 hH	0.233±0.004 hG	2.768±0.068 bB	0.146±0.001 iI	1.597±0.038 hGH
05-15	0.141±0.001 iH	0.073±0.004 gG	0.214±0.005 iH	1.937±0.053 fFG	0.168±0.002 eE	1.268±0.015 hH
05-30	0.288±0.001 fF	0.124±0.004 dD	0.412±0.003 efE	2.323±0.048 dcD	0.175±0.002 dD	2.383±0.025 gFG
06-15	0.305±0.003 dD	0.225±0.002 aA	0.530±0.005 cC	1.352±0.001 hH	0.183±0.001 cC	2.897±0.040 cC
07-15	0.394±0.003 aA	0.221±0.002 aA	0.615±0.005 aA	1.783±0.001 gG	0.204±0.001 aA	3.016±0.010 bB
08-15	0.392±0.002 aA	0.183±0.005 bB	0.575±0.003 bB	2.141±0.040 eDE	0.187±0.001 bB	3.091±0.019 aA
09-15	0.331±0.002 bB	0.153±0.005 cC	0.484±0.002 dD	2.169±0.034 eDE	0.182±0.001 cC	2.665±0.021 eE
10-15	0.297±0.002 eE	0.120±0.003 dD	0.416±0.003 eE	2.482±0.063 cC	0.150±0.003 gG	2.781±0.050 dD

参数 parameter	a^*	b^*	C^*	L^*	h
w(Chl a)	-0.881^**	-0.485	-0.546	-0.735^*	0.809^**
w(Chl b)	-0.848^**	-0.545	-0.456	-0.521	0.753^*
w(Car)	0.646^*	0.851^**	-0.263	-0.351	-0.747^*
w(Chl T)	-0.925^**	-0.541	-0.541	-0.690^*	0.837^**

光合参数 photosynthetic parameter	w(Chla)	w(Chlb)	w(Car)	m(Chla)/ m(Chlb)	m(ChlT)/ m(Car)
P_n	-0.962^**	-0.661	-0.082^*	0.202^**	-0.195
T_r	-0.025	0.892	0.985	0.999^*	-0.900
G_s	-0.800	-0.197	0.744	-0.657	-0.899
C_i	-0.990^**	-0.444	-0.180^**	-0.058^*	-0.443

金叶银杏叶色变化特性分析

An analysis of color variation characteristics of golden leaf ginkgo

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