生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201907049

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 63-70.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201907049

生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响

王爱斌¹(), 宋慧芳¹, 张流洋², 张明¹, 杨诗雯¹, 张凌云¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
2.湖北省林业调查规划院,湖北武汉 430079

收稿日期:2019-07-31 修回日期:2019-11-05 出版日期:2020-11-30 发布日期:2020-12-07
通讯作者: 张凌云
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金项目(6172026)

Effects of bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on growth and soil nutrients of Vaccinium spp. seedlings

WANG Aibin¹(), SONG Huifang¹, ZHANG Liuyang², ZHANG Ming¹, YANG Shiwen¹, ZHANG Lingyun¹^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Hubei Provincial Forestry Investigation and Planning Institute, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2019-07-31 Revised:2019-11-05 Online:2020-11-30 Published:2020-12-07
Contact: ZHANG Lingyun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)苗木生长影响与土壤养分的变化规律,找出蓝莓苗木培育过程中适宜的肥料类型,为蓝莓的科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以2年生蓝莓 ‘布里吉塔’ 为试材,于生长季(6—11月)以不施肥(CK)为对照,比较酵素菌肥(T1)、EM菌堆肥 (T2)、木霉菌制剂 (T3)和枯草芽孢杆菌制剂 (T4)、阿维菌素有机肥 (T5) 这5种肥料处理对蓝莓苗木生长的影响及土壤养分含量差异。【结果】除T5处理基生枝条数量和T2 与T4处理叶片可溶性糖含量低于CK外,5种生物有机肥或微生物菌肥均能有效提高蓝莓基生枝条长度、粗度、百叶干质量、叶面积、基生枝条数量和冠幅,同时有利于叶片氮、磷、钾、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚和叶绿素含量的积累;土壤中全氮、全磷、铵态氮、速效钾及pH均明显低于CK,硝态氮则略低于CK,而全钾、有效磷、有机质和土壤电导率(EC)值均高于CK。T3处理在促进基生枝条长度、百叶干质量、叶面积、基生枝条数量、冠幅、叶片氮和磷、可溶性糖、总酚及叶绿素含量等生理方面和增加土壤有机质、有效磷、全钾、EC值及降低土壤pH等土壤养分方面均优于其他处理。【结论】主成分分析发现不同生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗木生长及养分吸收影响效果依次为T3 > T2 > T1 > T4 > T5 > CK。说明5种施肥处理均能改善土壤环境并促进蓝莓苗木生长,其中木霉菌制剂效果最佳。

关键词: 蓝莓, 生物肥, 菌肥, 主成分分析(PCA), 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of different bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on growth and soil nutrients of blueberry seedlings and screen out a suitable bio-organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer for the growth and development of blueberry to provide a scientific basis for fertilizers and soil improvement in blueberry culture. 【Method】Considering two-year-old seedlings of blueberry variety ‘Brigita’ as test materials, we compared the effects of ferment residue (T1), EM compost (T2), Trichoderma spp. preparation (T3), Bacillus subtilis preparation (T4), and Avermectin organic fertilizer (T5) on the growth and different soil nutrients of blueberry from June to August during their growth period; there was no fertilization in the control treatment (CK). 【Result】The length and diameter growth of blueberry basal branches, dry weight of 100 leaves, leaf areas, number of basal branches, and crown width were improved remarkably under all the fertilization treatments. The content of N, P, K, soluble sugar, soluble protein, phenols, and chlorophyll in leaves also increased, barring the number of basal branches of T5 and soluble sugar content of T2 and T4 in leaves. The total N, total P, ammonium nitrogen, available K, and pH under the fertilizer treatment were lower than those under CK in the soil. However, the total K, available P, organic matters, and electrical conductivity (EC) values were higher than those under CK. The effects of Trichoderma preparation (T3) on length of blueberry basal branches, dry weight of 100 leaves, leaf areas, number of blueberry basal branches, crown width, leaf N content, leaf P content, soluble sugar content, phenol content, chlorophyll content of leaves, available K, organic matter in soil, and EC and pH of soil were the most evident. 【Conclusion】Altogether, the order of effects of different bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on the growth and soil nutrients of blueberry are as follows: T3 > T2 > T1 > T4 > T5> CK. These results also indicate that Trichoderma preparation can be used as an ideal fertilization to promote the growth of blueberry.

Key words: Vaccinium spp., bio-organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, principal component analysis(PCA), soil physicochemical properties

中图分类号:

S714

王爱斌,宋慧芳,张流洋,等. 生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(6): 63-70.

WANG Aibin, SONG Huifang, ZHANG Liuyang, ZHANG Ming, YANG Shiwen, ZHANG Lingyun. Effects of bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on growth and soil nutrients of Vaccinium spp. seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(6): 63-70.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201907049.

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种类 type	肥料名称 fertilizername	有益活性菌含量/CFU content of beneficial active bacteria	质量分数/% content							含水率/% moisture content
种类 type	肥料名称 fertilizername	有益活性菌含量/CFU content of beneficial active bacteria	有机质 organic matter	N		P		K		含水率/% moisture content
生物肥 bio-organic fertilizer	酵素菌肥(T1) ferment fertilizer	≥0.5	26		3.5		2.8		2.4	18
	EM菌堆肥(T2) EM bacteria compost	≥200.0	28		3.4		2.3		2.1	24
	阿维菌素有机肥(T5) Avermectin bio-organic fertilizer	≥0.2	45		≥5.0		≥5.0		≥5.0	—
菌肥 microbial fertilizer	木霉菌制剂(T3) Trichoderma spp.	5×10⁹	—		—		—		—	—
菌肥 microbial fertilizer	枯草芽孢杆菌制剂(T4) Bacillus subtilis	100.0	—		—		—		—	—

处理 treatment	养分含量 nutrient content								pH	土壤电导率/ (mS·cm^-1) EC
处理 treatment	全氮/ (g·kg^-1) TN	全磷/ (g·kg^-1) TP	全钾/ (g·kg^-1) TK	铵态氮/ (mg·kg^-1) ammonium-N	硝态氮/ (mg·kg^-1) nitrate-N	有效磷/ (mg·kg^-1) available-P	速效钾/ (mg·kg^-1) available-K	有机质/ (g·kg^-1) organic matter	pH	土壤电导率/ (mS·cm^-1) EC
CK	3.73±0.32 a	19.21±1.01 a	5.38±0.41 c	12.57±1.02 a	151.15±7.32 a	276.71±10.33 b	369.87±9.36 a	123.47±4.42 d	6.54±0.52 a	82.23±5.62 c
T1	2.95±0.27 b	5.43±0.41 d	5.83±0.40 b	9.67±0.85 b	135.72±6.23 c	334.16±12.99 a	334.31±16.33 bc	150.88±6.39 c	5.82±0.51 c	116.97±7.68 b
T2	2.82±0.12 b	4.59±0.33 d	5.41±0.48 c	8.29±0.74 c	134.04±6.22 c	317.67±10.36 a	320.36±14.42 c	169.33±5.55 b	5.75±0.44 c	120.47±4.36 b
T3	2.58±0.20 b	9.11±0.86 b	5.94±0.60 a	8.04±0.53 c	124.36±5.89 c	335.57±11.33 a	307.56±14.96 d	192.79±6.87 a	5.66±0.31 c	150.72±3.87 a
T4	2.64±0.13 b	8.80±0.62 c	5.56±0.33 bc	8.23±0.66 c	141.50±7.66 b	316.40±10.36 a	334.40±19.36 bc	132.00±6.56 d	6.03±0.72 b	109.18±6.88 b
T5	3.40±0.25 a	10.24±0.92 b	5.38±0.51 c	9.02±0.87 b	149.75±6.98 a	320.65±13.69 a	349.82±10.52 b	124.38±5.99 d	6.13±0.49 b	94.33±8.97 c

处理 treatment	基生枝条数 number of basal branches	冠幅/cm crown width	百叶干质量/g dry weight of 100 leaves	叶面积/ cm² leaf area
CK	3.00±0.63 c	7.46±1.59 c	1.05±0.03 b	8.10±0.54 c
T1	5.83±0.60 b	11.04±0.50 bc	1.59±0.24 b	23.69±0.10 b
T2	7.17±0.70 a	11.62±0.27 b	1.63±0.21 b	35.33±1.95 ab
T3	6.83±1.22 a	19.22±1.36 a	2.64±0.38 a	50.15±6.59 a
T4	4.17±1.11 bc	8.21±1.16 bc	1.41±0.14 b	39.12±4.20 ab
T5	1.83±0.31 c	9.51±1.61 bc	1.35±0.41 b	35.47±10.00 ab

处理 treatment	第1主成分(F1) primary principal component		第2主成分(F2) secondary principal component		综合(F) composite
处理 treatment	得分 score	排名 rank	得分 score	排名 rank	得分 score	排名 rank
CK	-1.676	6	0.989	2	-0.867	6
T1	-0.004	3	-0.206	3	-0.065	3
T2	0.575	1	-0.815	5	0.155	2
T3	-1.202	5	1.484	1	1.383	1
T4	0.014	2	-0.901	6	-0.263	4
T5	-0.251	4	-0.552	4	-0.342	5

生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响

Effects of bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on growth and soil nutrients of Vaccinium spp. seedlings

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[1]	杨皓, 刘超, 庄家尧, 张树同, 张文韬, 毛国豪. 不同载体菌肥对紫穗槐生长和光合特性及土壤养分的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 81-89.
[2]	武燕, 黄青, 刘讯, 郑睿, 岑佳宝, 丁波, 张运林, 符裕红. 西南喀斯特地区马尾松人工林林龄对土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 99-107.
[3]	赵志强, 许晓龙, 袁青, 吴妍. 哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(2): 219-226.
[4]	宋泽君, 李培培, 袁斓方, 郭小兰, 王德炉. 土壤含水率对蓝莓叶片生理及果实品质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(3): 147-156.
[5]	李惠芝, 关庆伟, 赵家豪, 李俊杰, 王磊, 李凤凤, 左兴平, 陈斌. 地形对麻栎人工林土壤肥力质量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(5): 161-168.
[6]	刘倩倩, 彭孝楠, 刘鑫, 王舒甜, 戴康龙, 徐海兵, 董丽娜, 张金池. 踩踏干扰下紫金山土壤质量季节变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(3): 185-193.
[7]	吴叶娇, 高源, 曹成亮, 蒋瑀霁, 闾连飞, 吴文龙, 蒋继宏, 朱泓, 李荣鹏. 不同蓝莓品种根际phoD基因相关土壤解磷细菌群落结构分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 95-102.
[8]	王冰, 张鹏杰, 张秋良. 不同林型兴安落叶松林土壤团聚体及其有机碳特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(3): 15-24.
[9]	王小敏, 吴文龙, 闾连飞, 张春红, 杨海燕, 黄正金, 赵慧芳, 李维林. 蓝莓新品种‘寨选4号’[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 225-226.
[10]	杨海燕, 吴文龙, 闾连飞, 张春红, 黄正金, 王小敏, 赵慧芳, 李维林. 蓝莓新品种‘寨选7号’[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 227-228.
[11]	宋娟, 徐国芳, 赵邢, 姚尧, 杨学祥, 唐荣林, 崔家旺, 陈凤毛, 任嘉红. 枫香根际解有机磷细菌筛选及其促生效应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 95-104.
[12]	夏晓雨, 王凤娟, 符群, 张娜, 郭庆启. 蓝莓果汁饮料原花青素的热稳定性及降解动力学模型[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(5): 89-95.
[13]	姚蓓,赵慧芳,吴文龙,李维林. 蓝莓果实多酚提取物的抗炎活性研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(03): 152-156.
[14]	杨海燕,董珊珊,闾连飞,黄正金,吴文龙,李维林. 三个高丛蓝莓品种在南京地区的田间生长表现[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(03): 157-162.
[15]	赵慧芳,闾连飞,姚蓓,吴文龙,李维林. 蓝莓‘寨选’品系在南京地区的生长与结实表现[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(03): 163-168.