植物纤维素合成酶研究进展

却枫; 查若飞; 魏强

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105039

植物纤维素合成酶研究进展

却枫, 查若飞, 魏强

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6) : 207-214.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6) : 207-214. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105039

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植物纤维素合成酶研究进展

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Advances in research of cellulose synthase genes in plants

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文章历史 +

摘要

纤维素是自然界分布最广、含量最多的一种多糖,占植物碳含量的50%以上。在植物中,纤维素是细胞壁的主要组分和承重元件,由纤维素合成酶复合体(CSCs)在质膜上催化合成。笔者综述了纤维素合成酶(CESA)的类型、结构、互作基因及关于CSCs结构、组装、运输的研究进展。植物细胞壁分为初生细胞壁和次生细胞壁,不同类型细胞壁中控制纤维素合成的CSCs由不同类型的纤维素合成酶(CESA)构成,且CSCs中CESAs的比例可能具有物种特异性。大多数植物中CESAs的化学计量比都是1∶1∶1,但在杨树的应力木组织中次生细胞壁相关CESAs的化学计量比为8∶3∶1。CSCs在高尔基体上装配并通过跨高尔基体网络分泌到质膜,而质膜上CSCs的丰度和分布很大程度上决定了纤维素的定向沉积。纤维素的合成和定向沉积在植物生长发育及抵御胁迫过程中发挥重要的作用。目前已发现多个关键基因通过与CSCs中特定CESA互作来识别和调控CSCs的运输。CESAs基因的表达水平也是影响纤维素合成的重要因素,油菜素甾醇等激素能通过调控CESAs的表达来控制纤维素的合成。未来在CESA功能、CSCs结构模型、CSCs中不同类型CESA所占比例、CSCs组装和运输与纤维素合成速度之间的关系,以及CESA基因的表达调控机制等方面可运用基因编辑技术进一步开展工作,从而完善植物纤维素合成的调控机制。

Abstract

Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature, which accounts for more than 50% of the carbon content in the plant kingdom. Cellulose is the main cell wall content in plants and plays a key role in weight bearing. The synthesis of cellulose is catalyzed by cellulose synthase components (CSCs) in the plasma membrane. The research advances on the type, structure, transcriptional regulation of CESA, and the structure, assembly, and traffic of CSCs were reviewed here. The plant cell wall was classified into the primary cell wall and the secondary cell wall. The CSCs involved in cellulose synthesis in different cell wall types are different. The proportion of CESAs in the CSCs varies according to the species. CESA stoichiometry occurs in equimolar amounts in the majority of plants, while in aspen tension wood the secondary cell wall CESA stoichiometry changed to 8∶3∶1. CSCs assemble in the Golgi and are secreted to the plasma membrane through the trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartment. The abundance and distribution of CSCs in the plasma membrane largely determine the oriented deposition of cellulose. Many key genes were found interacting with special CESA to recognize and regulate CSCs traffic. Plant hormones, such as brassinosteroids, can control the cellulose synthesis by regulating the expression of CESAs. In the future, gene-editing technology can be used to further work on CESA function, CSCs structure model, CESA stoichiometry in CSCs, the relationship between assembly and transport and cellulose synthesis speed in CSCs, and the transcriptional regulation of CESA to improve the regulation mechanisms of plant cellulose synthesis.

导出引用

却枫, 查若飞, 魏强. 植物纤维素合成酶研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2022, 46(6): 207-214 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105039

QUE Feng, ZHA Ruofei, WEI Qiang. Advances in research of cellulose synthase genes in plants[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2022, 46(6): 207-214 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105039

中图分类号： Q786;Q781

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