盐碱地林木耐盐机制及造林技术研究进展

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209010

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 96-104.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209010

所属专题：南京林业大学120周年校庆特刊

盐碱地林木耐盐机制及造林技术研究进展

廖杨文科(), 张佩瑶, 张清越, 李孝刚()

南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-09-05 修回日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-11-24
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32122056);国家自然科学基金项目(42011045);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(SCX213717)

Advances in salt-tolerant mechanisms of trees and forestation techniques on saline-alkali land

LIAO Yangwenke(), ZHANG Peiyao, ZHANG Qingyue, LI Xiaogang()

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-09-05 Revised:2022-09-29 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐碱地是人工造林的重要潜在资源,而土壤盐胁迫危害是制约林木健康生长的突出问题。揭示林木盐胁迫调控机制,开发盐碱地综合利用技术是实现盐碱地资源化和生态保护的关键。笔者从林木生长发育、光合效率、生理代谢调控及矿质营养等角度,论述了制约盐碱地人工林生产力低下、土壤资源利用效率不足的盐胁迫主要过程。利用林木逆境下进化出的一套以自身生化调控和菌群互作消减为核心的综合耐盐机制,是研发盐碱地造林关键技术的方向,有助于我国盐碱地区人工林高效培育和多目标经营。

关键词: 盐碱地, 林木, 耐盐机制, 土壤微生物, 造林技术

Abstract:

Soil salinization has become a global issue in recent years, and is one of the most important environmental factors restricting forest growth. Therefore, it’s of great significance to understand the salt-tolerant mechanisms of trees and improve techniques of comprehensively using saline-alkali land for soil utilization and ecological environment protection. Here, we discuss effects of salt stress on forests, including growth restriction, photosynthesis inhibition, metabolism turbulence and ion imbalance, which leads to a low yield of plantation and insufficient efficiency of soil utilization. Additionally, we review the integrated system evolved by forests focusing on the host metabolic regulation and interaction with microbiota to alleviate damages to provide a theoretical basis for exploring forestation techniques and plantation cultivation on saline-alkali land.

Key words: saline-alkali land, trees, salt-tolerant mechanisms, soil microbe, forestation techniques

中图分类号:

S728.5

廖杨文科,张佩瑶,张清越,等. 盐碱地林木耐盐机制及造林技术研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 96-104.

LIAO Yangwenke, ZHANG Peiyao, ZHANG Qingyue, LI Xiaogang. Advances in salt-tolerant mechanisms of trees and forestation techniques on saline-alkali land[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(6): 96-104.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209010.

图/表 3

图1

表1

部分转入/沉默林木中的基因及耐盐表型"

转入植物 plant receptor	操作基因 manipulated gene	基因类型 gene type	遗传转化植株耐盐表型 salt-tolerant phenotype of transgenic plant	参考文献 reference
火炬松 Pinus taeda	转入MtlD/GutD	渗透调节物质合成基因	甘露醇和山梨醇含量增加,在NaCl质量分数0.5%~0.7%的培养基中具有较高存活率	[37]
日本柿树 Diospyros kaki	转入CodA	渗透调节物质合成基因	甜菜碱合成量增加,光系统Ⅱ活性和耐盐能力增强	[38]
四倍体刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	转入BADH	渗透调节物质合成基因	70%的转基因株系在盐胁迫下正常生长,叶片无黄化现象	[39]
秦美猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis ‘Qinmei’	转入MtlD/GutD	渗透调节物质合成基因	1/3的阳性株系在高盐条件下存活率高于50%	[40]
欧美杨107 Populus × euramericana ‘74/76’	转入SeCMO	渗透调节物质合成基因	甜菜碱含量是野生型植株的1.2~1.5倍,盐处理后叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于野生型	[41]
刚毛柽柳 Tamarix hispida	转入ThNAC24	转录因子基因	抗氧化酶活性及膜结构稳定性提高	[42]
毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	转入AhDREB1	转录因子基因	高盐胁迫下存活率44%,低盐胁迫下存活率100%	[43]
山新杨 Populus davidiana × P. bolleana	转入TaLEA	胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白基因	光系统Ⅱ电子传递效率、生物量以及老叶中Na⁺浓度较对照高,新叶中Na⁺浓度较低	[44]
小黑杨 Populus × xiaohei	转入TaLEA	胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白基因	盐胁迫下丙二醛(MDA)含量低于对照植株,叶绿素含量和光合速率显著高于对照植株	[45]
山新杨 Populus davidiana× P. bolleana	转入TaMnSOD	抗氧化酶基因	盐处理后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增强,MDA含量和相对电导率下降,相对增重率急剧增加	[46]
毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	转入chlAPX	抗氧化酶基因	盐处理后抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性提高,Na⁺含量和K⁺/ Na⁺升高	[47]
银腺杨(84K) Populus alba× P. glandulosa ‘84K’	转入OsNHX1	Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运蛋白基因	高盐胁迫下能正常生长,且较野生型表现出较低的叶渗透势	[48]
‘南林895’杨 Populus deltoides× P. euramericana ‘Nanlin 895’	转入GmNHX1	Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运蛋白基因	高盐胁迫下具有较多的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白,以及较强的抗氧化酶活性和较低的MDA含量	[49]
银腺杨 Populus alba× P. glandulosa	沉默GIGANTEA	开花调控基因	盐胁迫下营养生长和生物量提高,光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量和叶绿素含量提高	[50]
银腺杨 Populus alba× P. glandulosa	沉默PagSAP11	胁迫相关基因	盐胁迫下存活率、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量及生物量增加;叶片中Na⁺吸收减少,K⁺和Ca²⁺吸收提高	[51]

表1

图2

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盐碱地林木耐盐机制及造林技术研究进展

Advances in salt-tolerant mechanisms of trees and forestation techniques on saline-alkali land

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