不同种源米槠种子形态特征与营养成分变异分析

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206024

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 27-34.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206024

所属专题： “攥紧中国种子”视域下的中国林草种业研究专题Ⅰ

• 专题报道：“攥紧中国种子”视域下的中国林草种业研究专题Ⅰ（执行主编施季森喻方圆） • 上一篇下一篇

不同种源米槠种子形态特征与营养成分变异分析

孙荣喜¹(), 潘昕昊¹, 仲小茹¹, 李桂盛²

1.江西省森林培育重点实验室,江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌 330045
2.婺源县生态林场,江西婺源 333200

收稿日期:2022-06-17 修回日期:2022-07-26 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
基金资助:
江西省林业局科技创新专项(201801);江西省科技厅项目(20202BABL215018)

Variations in seed morphological characteristics and nutritional content of Castanopsis carlesii from different provenances

SUN Rongxi¹(), PAN Xinhao¹, ZHONG Xiaoru¹, LI Guisheng²

1. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045,China
2. Wuyuan Ecological Forest Farm, Wuyuan 333200,China

Received:2022-06-17 Revised:2022-07-26 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)种子形态特征与营养成分的地理变异规律,为其种质资源保护和开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】收集米槠天然分布区13个种源357个单株的种子,测定种子表型(种子长、种子宽、长宽比、体积、表面积和千粒质量)及其营养成分(可溶性糖及淀粉含量),并进行方差分析、相关分析和聚类分析。【结果】米槠种子6个表型性状在种源间和种源内均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),其中江西定南(JXDN)的种子长、宽、体积、表面积及千粒质量均最大,且与其他种源差异显著;而安徽祁门(AHQM)的千粒质量最小,仅为江西定南的66.23%,且种子长、宽、体积、表面积均较小。淀粉和可溶性糖含量(质量分数)分别为31.80%和21.76%,而且可溶性糖和淀粉含量在种源间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),说明营养成分含量在不同种源间相差很大,存在丰富的变异,种源间的变异系数分别为14.06%和30.62%。平均表型分化系数为28.15%,种源内变异是其表型特征遗传变异的主要来源。淀粉含量与千粒质量和种子宽呈显著正相关(P<0.05),可溶性糖含量与种子长和长宽比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);种子长与经度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),长宽比与经度和最冷季降水量分别呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05),淀粉含量与年平均温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。13个种源可以划为3个类群:第Ⅰ类群包括江西定南(JXDN),属于大种子、高可溶性糖含量、高淀粉含量类群;第Ⅱ类群包括安徽祁门(AHQM)、江西信丰(JXXF)、浙江开化(ZJKH)和广东连平(GDLP),属于小种子、高可溶性糖含量、低淀粉含量类群;其他8个种源聚为第Ⅲ类群,属于中种子、中可溶性糖含量、中淀粉含量类群。地理分布相近的种源没有优先聚在一起,说明米槠种子未表现出明显的地理变异规律。【结论】米槠种子多样性是遗传和环境因素共同影响的结果,除遗传因素外,主要受经度、年平均温度和最冷季降水量影响。种源内变异是种子遗传变异主要来源,因此,在米槠的遗传改良工作中,应加大对优良单株的选择和利用。江西定南种源具有大种子和高营养的特征,可作为潜在的优良种源。

关键词: 米槠, 种子, 形态特征, 营养成分, 种源

Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide scientific references for germplasm conservation and development and utilization of Castanopsis carlesii, the geographical variations of seed morphological characteristics and nutrient content of C. carlesii from different provenances were analyzed. 【Method】 Seeds of C. carlesii were collected from 357 individuals growing in natural distribution areas of thirteen provenances. Six morphological characteristics (seed length, seed width, length width ratio, volume, surface area and 1 000-seed weight) and nutrients (soluble sugar and starch) of seeds were measured, and then variance, correlation and cluster analyses were conducted.【Result】 Seeds’ morphological characteristics were significantly different between and within provenances (P < 0.01); the mean values of seed length, width, length width ratio, volume, surface area and 1 000-seed weight ranged from 0.93-1.02 cm, 0.82-0.93 cm, 1.07-1.21, 0.32-0.46 cm³, 1.83-2.32 cm² and 397.15-599.67 g, respectively. The nest analysis of variances showed that the maxima of seed length, width, volume, surface area, and 1 000-seed weight were observed in seeds from Jiangxi Dingnan (JXDN), and significantly differed from those from other provenances. The 1 000-seed weight of Anhui Qimen (AHQM) was 66.23% that of JXDN, and the seed length, width, volume and surface area were comparatively smaller. The percentages of starch and soluble sugar were 31.80% and 21.76%, respectively. The nutrient contents of C. carlesii were significantly different between provenances (P < 0.01); the coefficients of variation were 14.06% and 30.62%. The average coefficient of phenotypic differentiation was 28.15%, and genetic variation within provenances was the main source of the genetic variation of morphology characteristics. The correlation analysis showed that starch and 1 000-seed weight had the most positive correlations with seed width (P < 0.05), while sugar had an extremely significant correlation with seed length and length-width ratios (P < 0.01). Seed length showed a significant negative correlation with longitude (P < 0.05). The length-width ratio showed an extremely significant negative correlation to longitude (P < 0.01), and had significant negative correlation with precipitation during the coldest quarter (P < 0.05). The starch showed a significant correlation to annual mean temperature. The cluster analysis showed that the thirteen provenances could be divided into three groups. Group Ⅰ included JXDN, which possessed large sized seeds, high soluble sugar and high starch. Group Ⅱ included AHQM, Jiangxi Xinfeng (JXXF), Zhejiang Kaihua (ZJKH) and Guangdong Lianping (GDLP), which had small sized seeds, high soluble sugar and low starch groups; the other eight provenances fell into group Ⅲ, exhibiting medium sized seeds, and medium soluble sugar and starch contents. Adjacent provenances did not cluster together preferentially, indicating that there is no obvious geographical variation of C. carlesii.【Conclusion】 The phenotypic diversity of C. carlesii was the result of genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the variation in seeds was mainly influenced by longitude, annual mean temperature, and precipitation of the coldest quarter. The genetic variation within provenances was the main source of genetic variations of seed characteristics; therefore, the selection and utilization of superior individual plants should be strengthened in the genetic improvement of C. carlesii. JXDN has the characteristics of large seeds and high nutrition, and offers the potential for excellent provenances.

Key words: Castanopsis carlesii, seed, morphological characteristic, nutritional content, provenance

中图分类号:

S722
S792

孙荣喜,潘昕昊,仲小茹,等. 不同种源米槠种子形态特征与营养成分变异分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 27-34.

SUN Rongxi, PAN Xinhao, ZHONG Xiaoru, LI Guisheng. Variations in seed morphological characteristics and nutritional content of Castanopsis carlesii from different provenances[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 27-34.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206024.

图/表 6

表1

表2

不同种源米槠种子形态特征及营养成分差异分析"

代码 code	种子长/cm seed length	种子宽/cm seed width	长宽比 length- width ratio	体积/cm³ volume	表面积/cm² surface area	千粒质量/g 1 000-seed weight	m(淀粉)/ %	m(可溶性糖)/%
ZJKH	0.96±0.05 cd	0.90±0.06 b	1.07±0.03 a	0.40±0.08 bc	2.09±0.27 bc	487.85±94.42 bcd	31.65±4.00 cde	26.71±4.37 a
JXDN	1.02±0.07 a	0.93±0.07 a	1.10±0.05 abc	0.46±0.10 a	2.32±0.32 a	599.67±125.27 a	33.18±4.28 abcd	26.24±8.38 a
GDLP	0.95±0.05 cd	0.86±0.07 cde	1.11±0.07 bc	0.36±0.07 cdef	1.97±0.25 cde	458.65±87.63 d	33.87±4.06 abc	27.13±1.32 a
JXXF	0.93±0.04 d	0.84±0.02 ef	1.11±0.05 bcd	0.33±0.02 ef	1.87±0.09 de	405.10±15.41 e	28.62±4.44 fg	27.31±9.94 a
JXCY	0.97±0.06 c	0.82±0.07 f	1.19±0.08 ef	0.33±0.07 f	1.88±0.27 de	406.53±89.37 e	32.25±3.63 bcde	18.21±9.31 bc
JXQN	0.98±0.03 c	0.90±0.04 b	1.10±0.05 abc	0.42±0.04 b	2.18±0.14 b	467.12±47.89 cd	35.28±4.71 a	18.23±4.87 bc
GDXF	1.02±0.07 ab	0.89±0.05 bcd	1.16±0.10 de	0.41±0.06 b	2.16±0.20 b	514.08±72.64 bc	31.14±3.92 cdef	13.88±3.04 cd
HNCJ	1.02±0.08 ab	0.84±0.06 ef	1.21±0.10 f	0.36±0.07 cdef	2.01±0.25 cd	442.50±82.97 de	34.89±3.91 ab	17.05±8.56 bc
JXLN	0.98±0.05 c	0.85±0.06 ef	1.16±0.09 de	0.36±0.06 def	1.97±0.21 cde	446.18±78.28 de	30.21±4.48 ef	21.06±6.16 c
AHQM	0.93±0.05 d	0.82±0.06 f	1.14±0.08 cd	0.32±0.06 f	1.83±0.21 e	397.15±76.36 e	27.0.8±4.10 g	30.40±4.62 a
JXDX	0.97±0.05 cd	0.89±0.04 bc	1.08±0.05 ab	0.39±0.07 bcd	2.05±0.25 bc	491.66±101.24 bcd	32.36±4.90 bcde	20.74±4.66 c
FJHA	0.99±0.03 bc	0.91±0.07 ab	1.09±0.02 ab	0.42±0.04 b	2.16±0.15 b	532.56±46.10 b	30.50±5.05 def	17.06±4.31 bc
HNHY	1.02±0.08 ab	0.86±0.06 def	1.19±0.06 ef	0.37±0.07 bcde	2.05±0.26 bc	473.62±75.03 cd	30.11±5.93 ef	12.22±2.76 d
均值mean	0.98±0.06	0.87±0.06	1.13±0.08	0.38±0.08	2.04±0.26	470.52±97.78	31.80±4.84	21.76±8.94
CV/%	5.54	6.46	5.58	16.45	10.82	16.16	14.06	30.62
F	8.926^**	10.920^**	11.968^**	10.910^**	10.585^**	15.688^**	8.256^**	14.696^**

表2

表3

表4

表5

图1

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序号 No.	种源代码 code of provenance	种源位置 provenance location	采种株数 individual number for seed collection	经度(E)/ (°) longitude	纬度(N)/ (°) latitude	海拔/m altitude	年均温度/℃ annual mean temperature	昼夜温差月均值/℃ mean diurnal range	最暖月最高温/℃ max temperature of the warmest month	年均降水量/ mm annual precipitation	最冷季降水量/ mm precipitation of the coldest quarter	湿润频率/% wet-day frequency
1	HNCJ	海南昌江	30	109.14	19.12	600	22.2	7.9	29.8	1 497	48	8.19
2	JXCY	江西崇义	30	114.26	25.79	250	18.8	8.3	33.5	1 528	187	14.32
3	JXDN	江西定南	30	115.14	24.92	300	19.4	8.6	32.2	1 681	194	11.63
4	JXDX	江西德兴	30	117.69	28.85	150	17.2	8.6	32.8	1 829	254	12.67
5	GDXF	广东新丰	30	114.12	24.13	600	17.6	8.3	32.8	2 007	192	10.12
6	ZJKH	浙江开化	31	118.5	29.14	350	16.4	8.0	32.1	1 738	241	13.62
7	HNHY	湖南衡阳	9	112.69	27.25	380	16.0	7.3	31.3	1 753	221	15.30
8	JXLN	江西龙南	30	114.43	24.57	500	19.1	8.6	31.3	1 799	195	11.32
9	GDLP	广东连平	30	114.45	24.47	550	19.1	8.6	31.0	1 832	194	11.01
10	AHQM	安徽祁门	25	117.27	29.98	550	14.1	7.4	29.1	1 751	200	10.84
11	JXQN	江西全南	30	114.46	24.61	480	18.9	8.5	31.1	1 797	195	11.39
12	JXXF	江西信丰	30	115.21	25.24	350	19.0	8.5	32.4	1 650	193	12.23
13	FJHA	福建华安	22	117.29	24.56	200	20.8	7.1	31.8	1 553	155	10.23

性状 traits	方差分量 variance component			方差分量百分比/% proportion of variance component			V_st/%
性状 traits	种源间 among provenance	种源内 between provenance	随机误差 random errors	种源间 among provenance	种源内 between provenance	随机误差 random errors	V_st/%
种子长 seed length	0.001	0.003	0.004	12.50	37.50	50.00	25.00
种子宽 seed width	0.001	0.003	0.004	12.50	37.50	50.00	25.00
长宽比length-width ratio	0.002	0.005	0.006	15.38	38.46	46.15	28.57
体积 volume	0.002	0.004	0.005	18.18	36.36	45.45	33.33
表面积 surface area	0.019	0.051	0.064	14.18	38.06	47.76	27.14
千粒质量1 000-seed weight	2 631.921	6 177.806	569.764	28.06	65.87	6.07	29.88
平均值mean				16.80	42.29	40.91	28.15

性状 trait	淀粉含量 starch content	可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content	千粒质量 1 000-seed weight	种子长 seed length	种子宽 seed width	体积 volume	表面积 surface area	长宽比 length- width ratio
淀粉含量starch content	1
可溶性糖含量soluble sugar content	-0.078	1
千粒质量1 000-seed weight	0.112^*	-0.034	1
种子长seed length	0.165^**	-0.184^**	0.655^**	1
种子宽seed width	0.121^*	-0.024	0.876^**	0.505^**	1
体积volume	0.137^**	-0.054	0.915^**	0.667^**	0.971^**	1
表面积surface area	0.157^**	-0.085	0.908^**	0.757^**	0.937^**	0.990^**	1
长宽比length width ratio	0.019	-0.149^**	-0.323^**	0.389^**	-0.595^**	-0.410^**	-0.293^**	1

性状 trait	经度(E) longitude	纬度(N) latitude	海拔 altitude	年均温度 annual mean temperature	昼夜温差月均值 mean diurnal range	最暖月最高温 max temperature of the warmest month	年均降水量 annual precipitation	最冷季降水量 precipitation of the coldest quarter	湿润频率 wet-day frequency
千粒质量1 000-seed weight	0.171	-0.088	-0.316	0.210	0.048	0.104	0.162	0.115	-0.082
种子长seed length	-0.573^*	-0.522	0.100	0.362	-0.112	-0.205	-0.014	-0.389	-0.153
种子宽seed width	0.340	0.023	-0.341	0.152	0.127	0.155	0.241	0.248	-0.063
表面积surface area	0.161	-0.114	-0.242	0.222	0.113	0.075	0.204	0.118	-0.108
体积volume	0.040	-0.199	-0.177	0.261	0.079	0.015	0.191	0.035	-0.132
长宽比length width ratio	-0.809^**	-0.455	0.420	0.153	-0.210	-0.318	-0.260	-0.572^*	-0.069
淀粉含量 starch content	-0.420	-0.547	0.077	0.578^*	0.431	0.124	-0.083	-0.315	-0.222
可溶性糖含量soluble sugar content	0.493	0.390	0.020	-0.262	0.252	0.097	-0.008	0.269	-0.046

不同种源米槠种子形态特征与营养成分变异分析

Variations in seed morphological characteristics and nutritional content of Castanopsis carlesii from different provenances

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