【目的】 分析山体、水体对传统村镇聚落分布的影响机制,探索传统村镇聚落空间关系形成的内在因素,为合理保护和建设传统村镇提供依据。【方法】 选取传统村镇保护较好的太湖风景名胜区金庭镇为研究对象,通过提取金庭镇数字地形图、卫星图以及总体规划CAD底图数据,利用ArcGIS 10.0对山体、水体与聚落之间的空间关系进行加权分析,进而分析山水格局与聚落分布的关联性,并运用空间Logistic回归模型分析影响聚落分布的因素。【结果】 金庭镇传统村镇聚落空间分布为集聚模式、空间密度呈现环状特征,在分析山体、水体的形态及特征的基础上,叠加金庭镇106个传统村镇聚落可知,山体高程和与河流距离对传统村镇聚落的空间分布影响呈负相关关系。受四面环湖地形的影响,金庭镇传统聚落空间分布的环状特征具有特殊的研究价值。山体高程影响了金庭镇水系与道路的走向,对聚落分布影响最大,是构建金庭镇聚落体系的主要驱动力,水体对聚落分布有一定影响。【结论】 基于数据,利用ArcGIS 10.0和建立Logistic回归模型,能较为科学全面地分析山体、水体等要素与村镇聚落的空间关系,可以用于传统村镇保护和建设的前期规划论证工作。

【Objective】 This study explored the rules governing the spatial relationships among mountains, water and the locations of traditional villages to shed light on their reasonable protection and construction. 【Method】 Jinting Town, a scenic location near Taihu Lake with well-protected traditional villages and towns, was selected as the research subject. Based on extracted digital topography, satellite maps and the general planning CAD base map data for Jinting Town, we analyzed the spatial relationships among the mountains, water and villages using ArcGIS (ver. 10.0). We also analyzed the correlations between the distributions of mountains and water with the distribution of villages. We used spatial logistic regression modeling to analyze the factors affecting the distribution of traditional villages. 【Result】 The spatial distribution of traditional villages in Jinting Town exhibited a cluster mode, with circular spatial density characteristics. The impacts of mountain elevation and distance from a river were negatively correlated with the spatial distribution of traditional villages. Owing to the terrain, which is surrounded by lakes on all sides, the circular distribution of traditional villages in Jinting Town has a special research value. The elevation of the mountains affected the direction of the water system and roads in Jinting Town and was the main driving force for constructing villages in the region. The proximity to the water also affected the distribution of villages. 【Conclusion】 Using ArcGIS and logistic regression modeling, the spatial relationships among villages, mountains, and water can be analyzed and widely used in the pre-planning stages of protecting and constructing traditional villages and towns.