滇中高原川滇高山栎凋落叶、枝分解过程对模拟氮沉降的响应

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209065

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 191-199.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209065

滇中高原川滇高山栎凋落叶、枝分解过程对模拟氮沉降的响应

邢进梅¹(), 王克勤¹^,², 宋娅丽¹^,²^,^*(), 付宏伟¹

1.西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650224
2.国家林业和草原局云南玉溪森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2022-09-29 修回日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2024-07-30 发布日期:2024-08-05
通讯作者: *宋娅丽(songyali19851205@sina.com),副教授。
作者简介:
邢进梅(xingjinmei1720@163.com)。
基金资助:
云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202301BD070001-059);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022Y602);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022J0510);云南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210677008);云南省一流学科建设项目(云教发[2022]73号);云南省自然生态监测网络项目云南玉溪森林生态站运行项目(2022-YN-13);云南玉溪森林生态系统国家长期科研基地项目(2020132550)

The litter decomposition of fallen leaves and branches from sub-alpine Quercus aquifolioides of central Yunnan Plateau under simulated nitrogen deposition

XING Jinmei¹(), WANG Keqin¹^,², SONG Yali¹^,²^,^*(), FU Hongwei¹

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Yuxi Forest Ecosystem, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2022-09-29 Revised:2023-03-30 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】氮(N)沉降增加通过影响凋落物分解过程中碳(C)、氮(N)元素的有效性,进而影响生物地球化学循环中的碳和养分平衡。通过研究模拟N沉降下川滇高山栎(Quercus aquifolioides)凋落物分解速率及养分含量变化特征,为川滇高山栎森林生态系统的有效管理提供参考。【方法】以滇中新平县磨盘山川滇高山栎林为研究对象,以尿素(有效成分CH₄N₂O)为氮源,采用尼龙袋法进行N沉降处理以及凋落物原位分解试验,4个N沉降水平为:对照[CK,0 g/(m²·a)]、低氮[LN,10 g/(m²·a)]、中氮[MN,20 g/(m²·a)]和高氮[HN,25 g/(m²·a)],每月施氮1次,持续12个月后测定凋落叶及枝质量残留,及其木质素、纤维素和C、N、P、K含量变化。【结果】①分解1 a后,各N沉降处理凋落叶(0.84%~3.87%)、枝(1.67%~3.30%)质量残留率均显著增加(P<0.05),说明随时间延长,凋落物分解被抑制,且抑制强度与施氮水平成正比;②凋落叶、枝分解系数变化范围分别为0.271~0.368和0.167~0.218 kg/(kg·a),凋落枝C/N(69.02)和木质素氮比(54.65)高于凋落叶的值(52.09和44.42),叶分解速率快于枝;③凋落物化学组成会影响凋落物质量残留率,表现为凋落物质量残留率与凋落叶和枝的N、P含量呈极显著负相关,与C、纤维素含量,C/N、C/P、木质素氮比、纤维素氮比等比值呈极显著正相关。【结论】①N沉降抑制了凋落物的分解,且随施氮水平的增加,抑制作用明显增强;②初始养分含量会影响凋落物的养分固持和释放,其中,N含量、C/N、木质素氮比是凋落物分解过程中的重要影响因子。

关键词: 凋落叶, 凋落枝, 分解速率, 木质素, 纤维素, 滇中高原, 川滇高山栎, N沉降

Abstract:

【Objective】Increased nitrogen (N) deposition affects carbon (C) and N availability by affecting the litter decomposition process, after which it affects the C-nutrient balance of the biogeochemical cycle. In this study, the nylon mesh bag method was used to study the decomposition rate and nutrient content changes of Quercus aquifolioides litter under simulated N deposition, providing a reference for an effective Q. aquifolioides forest ecosystem management.【Method】The in situ litter decomposition test was carried out in the Q. aquifolioides forest of Mopanshan in Xinping County, central Yunnan Province. Four N levels were applied using the nylon mesh bag method, with urea (CH₄N₂O) as the N source for in situ decomposition of litter and N deposition treatment. The four N deposition levels were: control [CK, 0 g/(m²·a)], low N [LN, 10 g/(m²·a)], medium N [MN, 20 g/(m²·a)] and high N [HN, 25 g/(m²·a)]. Leaf litter and twig mass remaining, lignin, cellulose, and C, N, P and K contents were then measured.【Result】① After one year of decomposition, the N deposition treatment significantly increased the mass remaining rate (P<0.05) of leaf litter (0.84%-3.87%) and twig (1.67%-3.30%). The litter decomposition was inhibited, and the inhibition intensity was proportional to N content application. ② Variation coefficients of leaf and twig litter decomposition were 0.271-0.368 and 0.167-0.218 kg/(kg·a), respectively. The lhe C/N (69.02) and lignin/N (54.65) of twig litter were significantly higher compared with leaf litter (52.09 and 44.42, respectively). Leaf decomposition rate was faster compared with that of twig. ③ The chemical composition of the litter affected its mass remaining rate, which was negatively correlated with N and P contents of leaf and twig litters, and positively correlated with C, cellulose, C/N, C/P, lignin/N and cellulose/N.【Conclusion】The N deposition inhibits litter decomposition, and this effect is significantly enhanced by increased nutrient content. Initial nutrient content effects nutrient retention and litter release processes, among which N level, C/N and lignin/N are important influencing factors.

Key words: leaf litter, twig litter, decomposition rate, lignin, cellulose, central Yunnan Plateau, Quercus aquifolioides, N deposition

中图分类号:

S718.5

邢进梅,王克勤,宋娅丽,等. 滇中高原川滇高山栎凋落叶、枝分解过程对模拟氮沉降的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(4): 191-199.

XING Jinmei, WANG Keqin, SONG Yali, FU Hongwei. The litter decomposition of fallen leaves and branches from sub-alpine Quercus aquifolioides of central Yunnan Plateau under simulated nitrogen deposition[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(4): 191-199.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209065.

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样地编号 plot No.	海拔/m altitude	林龄/a forest age	平均树高/m mean high	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	郁闭度 canopy density	坡度/ (°) slope	坡向 aspect	土壤类型 soil category
1	2 490	15	3.4	12.1	0.90	10	东北	山地黄棕壤
2	2 489	16	2.5	9.4	0.88	12	东北	山地黄棕壤
3	2 490	17	3.1	8.6	0.92	13	东北	山地黄棕壤

凋落物类型 litter type	碳含量/ (mg·g^-1) C content	氮含量/ (mg·g^-1) N content	磷含量/ (mg·g^-1) P content	钾含量/ (mg·g^-1) K content	木质素含量/ (mg·g^-1) lignin content	纤维素含量/ (mg·g^-1) cellulose content	碳氮比 C/N	碳磷比 C/P	氮磷比 N/P	木质素氮比 lignin/N	纤维素氮比 cellulose/N
凋落叶 leaf litter	517.76± 1.27	9.94± 0.01	1.07± 0.002	4.49± 0.005	441.57± 0.00	229.86± 0.00	52.09± 0.08	482.67± 0.67	9.27± 0.00	44.42± 0.06	23.12± 0.03
凋落枝 twig litter	534.24± 0.83	7.74± 0.01	0.89± 0.007	4.03± 0.01	422.97± 0.00	317.59± 0.00	69.02± 0.09	597.66± 2.19	8.66± 0.04	54.65± 0.09	41.03± 0.07

凋落物类型 litter type	处理 treatment	回归方程 regression equation	决定系数 determination coefficient	分解系数k/ (kg·kg^-1·a^-1)	分解50%时间/a T_50%	分解95%时间/a T_95%
凋落叶 leaf litter	CK	y=93.85 e^-0.368^t	0.908^**	0.368	1.884	8.141
	LN	y=94.27 e^-0.355^t	0.923^**	0.355	1.953	8.439
	MN	y=94.24 e^-0.329^t	0.964^**	0.329	2.107	9.106
	HN	y=92.95 e^-0.271^t	0.969^**	0.271	2.558	11.054
凋落枝 twig litter	CK	y=92.13 e^-0.218^t	0.943^**	0.218	3.180	13.742
	LN	y=92.04 e^-0.201^t	0.957^**	0.201	3.448	14.904
	MN	y=92.24 e^-0.192^t	0.951^**	0.192	3.610	15.603
	HN	y=91.75 e^-0.167^t	0.924^**	0.167	4.151	17.939

滇中高原川滇高山栎凋落叶、枝分解过程对模拟氮沉降的响应

The litter decomposition of fallen leaves and branches from sub-alpine Quercus aquifolioides of central Yunnan Plateau under simulated nitrogen deposition

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