氮磷配施对青钱柳生长及叶生物活性物质含量的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303009

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 57-66.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303009

所属专题：专题报道Ⅱ：乡村振兴视域下药用树种青钱柳培育研究

• 专题报道Ⅱ：乡村振兴视域下药用树种青钱柳培育研究（执行主编李维林、方升佐） • 上一篇下一篇

氮磷配施对青钱柳生长及叶生物活性物质含量的影响

刘小芳¹(), 岳喜良¹, 方升佐¹^,²^,^*(), 李晴³, 孙昕¹

1.南京林业大学林草学院,江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
3.江西玉山县玉合昌农业科技发展有限公司,江西玉山 334700

收稿日期:2023-03-07 修回日期:2023-04-13 出版日期:2024-07-30 发布日期:2024-08-05
通讯作者: *方升佐(fangsz@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
作者简介:
刘小芳(1909216683@qq.com)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32071750);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)重点项目(BE2019388)

Effects of various ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the growth and contents of leaf bioactive substances in Cyclocarya paliurus

LIU Xiaofang¹(), YUE Xiliang¹, FANG Shengzuo¹^,²^,^*(), LI Qing³, SUN Xin¹

1. College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037, China
3. Jiangxi Yushan-Yuhechang Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Yushan 334700, China

Received:2023-03-07 Revised:2023-04-13 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同水平氮、磷肥配施对青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)生长及叶生物活性物质含量的影响,为青钱柳叶用人工林的定向培育以及提高青钱柳叶生物活性物质含量提供理论依据。【方法】以江西铜鼓种源的青钱柳2年生实生苗为试验材料进行田间试验,采用双因素完全区组试验设计,设置3个施氮水平(N₀、N₁和N₂),3个施磷水平(P₀、P₁和P₂),共9个处理,每个处理3个重复,进行苗木生长指标和叶总黄酮、总三萜、总多酚及总多糖含量测定,采用双因素方差分析比较氮、磷及二者交互作用对相关指标的影响。【结果】氮磷配施对青钱柳幼苗高和地径生长以及叶总黄酮、总三萜、总多酚和总多糖含量均有显著(P<0.05)影响。青钱柳叶总黄酮、总三萜、总多酚含量表现出抛物线形的季节变化,均在7月达最大值,而叶总多糖含量在9月最高。与N₀P₀处理相比,不同氮磷配施处理均促进了林木生长,且在N₂P₂处理下树高和地径净生长量最大;但不同氮磷配施处理对叶生物活性物质含量影响不同,且在不同月份以及不同生物活性物质间存在差异。总体看,试验期内各处理间6月叶的总黄酮、总三萜、总多酚和总多糖含量的变化范围分别为17.01~34.25、39.11~55.77、22.74~53.98和22.36~33.24 mg/g,而10月的为16.95~35.26、38.03~54.17、19.78~33.98和23.33~32.46 mg/g。相关分析结果表明,青钱柳苗高月净生长量与对应月的叶生物活性物质含量(总黄酮、总三萜、总多酚和总多糖)相关性不显著(P>0.05),地径月净生长量与对应月的叶次生代谢物含量弱负相关但不显著(P>0.05);青钱柳苗高生长和地径生长之间,以及叶生物活性物质(总黄酮、总三萜、总多酚和总多糖)含量间均存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】高水平的氮磷肥配施有利于青钱柳生长和叶总三萜含量的提高,中等水平的磷肥有利于青钱柳叶次生代谢物含量的提高,氮磷配施反而抑制青钱柳叶多糖含量;青钱柳幼树生长与其叶次生代谢物质含量之间存在权衡关系。

关键词: 青钱柳, 配方施肥, 林木净生长量, 生物活性物质

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the strategic cultivation of plantations, and to increase the content of bioactive substances in leaves by investigating the effects of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the growth and bioactive substance content in Cyclocarya paliurus leaves.【Method】The research is conducted in the field and utilized a two-factor complete block design, incorporating three levels of nitrogen application (N₀, N₁, N₂) and three levels of phosphorus application (P₀, P₁, P₂), creating nine treatments with three replicates each. The growth indexes of seedlings and the contents of total flavonoids, total triterpenoids, total polyphenols and total polysaccharides in leaves were determined. A two-way ANOVA was used to compare the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus and their interaction on related indexes.【Result】The study found that different ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly influenced both the growth and the bioactive substance content in C. paliurus leaves (P<0.05). The contents of total flavonoids, triterpenoids, and polyphenols in the leaves exhibited a parabolic seasonal variation, peaking in July, while the highest polysaccharides content was observed in September. Compared to the control treatment (N₀P₀), all nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizations enhanced tree growth, with the most substantial growth in tree height and ground diameter occurring in the N₂P₂ treatment. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus ratios on the bioactive substances varied, displaying differences among the substances and the sampling months sampled. The variation in the contents of total flavonoid, total triterpenoids, total polyphenols and total polysaccharides in June ranged from 17.01 to 34.25 mg/g, from 39.11 to 55.77 mg/g, from 22.74 to 53.98 mg/g, and from 22.36 to 33.24 mg/g, respectively, while in October, the ranges were 16.95-35.26, 38.03-54.17, 19.78-33.98 and 23.33-32.46 mg/g, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between the monthly growth in tree height and the content of bioactive substances (total flavonoid, total triterpenoids, total polyphenols and total polysaccharides) in the leaves (P>0.05). However, weakly negative correlations were observed between the ground diameter growth and the contents of total triterpenoids and total polyphenols in the leaves (P<0.05). Notably, there were significant positive correlations between the growth of tree height and ground diameter, as well as among the different bioactive substances (P<0.01).【 Conclusion】A high ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus addition benefit the growth of C. paliurus and enhances the content of total triterpenoids in the leaves. Sole nitrogen or phosphorus supplements boost the content of secondary metabolites, whereas a combined application tends to decrease the content of total polysaccharides. There is a noticeable trade-off between the growth of C. paliurus and the content of secondary metabolites in its leaves.

Key words: Cyclocarya paliurus, fertilization, tree net growth, bioactive substances

中图分类号:

S725

刘小芳,岳喜良,方升佐,等. 氮磷配施对青钱柳生长及叶生物活性物质含量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(4): 57-66.

LIU Xiaofang, YUE Xiliang, FANG Shengzuo, LI Qing, SUN Xin. Effects of various ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the growth and contents of leaf bioactive substances in Cyclocarya paliurus[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(4): 57-66.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303009.

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土层深度/cm soil depth	pH	全碳含量/ (g·kg^-1) total carbon	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) total nitrogen	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) total phosphorus	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) total potassium	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1) alkaline N	速效钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) available K
0~20	3.60	6.58	1.08	0.15	21.32	45.42	3.10
[20,40)	3.61	4.36	0.94	0.14	24.59	40.72	2.70
≥40	3.59	4.28	1.04	0.10	27.28	42.04	2.29

处理 treatment	N-P配施量/(g·株^-1) fertilization amount
处理 treatment	2021年	2022年
N₀P₀	0-0	0-0
N₀P₁	0-5	0-10
N₀P₂	0-15	0-30
N₁P₀	5-0	10-0
N₁P₁	5-5	10-10
N₁P₂	5-15	10-30
N₂P₀	10-0	20-0
N₂P₁	10-5	20-10
N₂P₂	10-15	20-30

变异来源 source of variation	df	苗高净生长量/cm net growth of seedling height		地径净生长量/mm net growth of ground diameter
变异来源 source of variation	df	F	P	F	P
氮肥N fertilizer	2	70.085	0.000	14.752	0.000
磷肥P fertilizer	2	13.566	0.000	2.480	0.091
交互interaction	4	3.239	0.017	5.059	0.001

指标 index	时间(年-月) time (year-month)	氮肥(df=2) N fertilizer		磷肥(df=2) P fertilizer		交互(df=4) interaction
指标 index	时间(年-月) time (year-month)	F	P	F	P	F	P
总黄酮含量 total flavonoid content	2021-06	0.101	0.905	1.775	0.198	0.643	0.639
	2021-10	2.371	0.122	2.666	0.097	0.831	0.523
	2022-06	54.631	0.000	30.569	0.000	20.172	0.000
	2022-10	5.162	0.017	51.881	0.000	4.115	0.015
总三萜含量 total triterpenoid content	2021-06	0.772	0.477	0.599	0.560	0.770	0.558
	2021-10	5.319	0.015	2.065	0.156	1.454	0.257
	2022-06	1.252	0.310	1.843	0.187	11.717	0.000
	2022-10	3.988	0.037	18.502	0.000	6.023	0.003
总多酚含量 total polyphenols content	2021-06	0.126	0.882	2.050	0.158	0.523	0.720
	2021-10	4.077	0.035	0.486	0.623	1.013	0.427
	2022-06	34.604	0.000	114.669	0.000	101.887	0.000
	2022-10	1.661	0.218	70.027	0.000	5.210	0.006
总多糖含量 total polysaccharides content	2021-06	0.066	0.936	0.371	0.695	0.540	0.709
	2021-10	1.066	0.365	0.658	0.530	0.596	0.670
	2022-06	0.658	0.530	3.586	0.049	1.414	0.270
	2022-10	9.104	0.002	0.564	0.579	9.101	0.000

指标 index	苗高净生长量 net growth of seedling height	地径净生长量 net growth of ground diameter	总黄酮含量 total flavonoid content	总三萜含量 total triterpenoid content	总多酚含量 total polyphenols content
地径净生长量 net growth of ground diameter	0.779^**
总黄酮含量 total flavonoid content	-0.018	-0.121
总三萜含量 total triterpenoid content	-0.053	-0.097	0.738^**
总多酚含量 total polyphenols content	-0.138	-0.058	0.686^**	0.523^**
总多糖含量 total polysaccharides content	-0.008	0.049	0.259^**	0.290^**	0.439^**

氮磷配施对青钱柳生长及叶生物活性物质含量的影响

Effects of various ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the growth and contents of leaf bioactive substances in Cyclocarya paliurus

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