白玉兰二次开花诱导与生理调控研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301007

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 97-104.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301007

白玉兰二次开花诱导与生理调控研究

陈香波¹(), 张冬梅¹^,^*(), 傅仁杰¹, 张浪¹, 申亚梅², 罗玉兰¹, 尹丽娟¹

1.上海市园林科学规划研究院,上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心,上海 200232
2.浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州 311302

收稿日期:2023-01-06 修回日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2024-09-30 发布日期:2024-10-03
通讯作者: * 张冬梅(zdm@shsyky.com),教授级高级工程师。
作者简介:
陈香波(cxb7210@163.com),高级工程师。
基金资助:
上海市科委重点研发项目(22dz1202200);上海市科委重点研发项目(20dz1203700);上海市绿化和市容管理局(林业局)科研专项(G200203)

Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata

CHEN Xiangbo¹(), ZHANG Dongmei¹^,^*(), FU Renjie¹, ZHANG Lang¹, SHEN Yamei², LUO Yulan¹, YIN Lijuan¹

1. Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai 200232, China
2. School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311302, China

Received:2023-01-06 Revised:2023-03-15 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过人工诱导实现白玉兰(Yulania denudata)二次开花,以探明白玉兰花芽分化与开花诱导的生理调控机制。【方法】采用施用营养肥与激素处理白玉兰植株,进行花芽发育石蜡切片观察,并测定不同时期花芽内源激素含量。【结果】5月上旬随着营养生长趋于减缓,白玉兰起始花芽分化,至6月上旬花芽分化基本完成;单独采用外源激素(6-BA、GA₃)或配合施用营养肥(N、P、K、糖),可诱导白玉兰当年二次开花,二次开花株率33%~100%,单株最大开花量22;花芽分化成熟过程中,内源GA₃与ABA含量升高,而打破休眠、开花的花芽内脱落酸(ABA)含量下降,内源生长素类激素(IAA、ME-IAA)含量升高;较未开花对照,外源细胞分裂素处理株花芽内ME-IAA、IPA、JA-Ile、JA含量较高,外源赤霉素(GA₃)处理株内源tZR、GA₁、GA₃含量较高。【结论】外源激素可不依赖于营养处理直接诱导白玉兰二次开花,不同激素诱导白玉兰二次开花可能存在不同的开花调控通路。

关键词: 白玉兰, 花芽分化, 二次开花, 生理调控, 营养, 激素

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to achieve the secondary flowering of Yulannia denudata through artificial induction and to explore the physiological regulation mechanism of flower bud differentiation and flowering induction in Y. denudata.【Method】Y. denudata plants were treated with nutrients and hormones. Flower buds were embedded in paraffin and sectioned to observe flower bud development, and endogenous hormone contents in flower buds at different stages were measured.【Result】Flower bud differentiation of Y. denudata began in early May when vegetative growth slowed down and was completed by early June. Secondary flowering within the same year was induced via treatment with exogenous hormones [6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and gibberellin A₃ (GA₃)] alone or in combination with nutrient applications [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sugars]. The secondary flowering rate ranged from 33% to 100%, with the maximum of 22 flowers per plant. During the maturation of flower bud differentiation, the levels of endogenous GA₃ and abscisic acid (ABA) increased. The ABA content in flower buds decreased while breaking dormancy and flowering, whereas the content of endogenous auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and methylindole-3-acetic acid (ME-IAA) increased. Flower buds treated with exogenous cytokinins had higher levels of ME-IAA, IPA, jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and jasmonate (JA), while flower buds treated with exogenous gibberellins (GA₃) had higher levels of endogenous trans-zeatin riboside (tZR), gibberellin A₁ (GA₁), and GA₃. 【Conclusion】Exogenous hormones directly induce secondary flowering in Y. denudata without relying on nutrient treatments. Thus, different hormones may induce secondary flowering through various regulatory pathways.

Key words: Yulannia denudata, differentiation of flower bud, secondary flowering, physiological regulation, nutrition, hormone

中图分类号:

S718
S685

陈香波,张冬梅,傅仁杰,等. 白玉兰二次开花诱导与生理调控研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(5): 97-104.

CHEN Xiangbo, ZHANG Dongmei, FU Renjie, ZHANG Lang, SHEN Yamei, LUO Yulan, YIN Lijuan. Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(5): 97-104.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301007.

图/表 5

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年份 year	处理编号 label		营养肥nutrition			激素hormone
			N、P、K	糖sugar		激素hormone
			平衡肥+KH₂PO₄ balanced fertilization+ KH₂PO₄	海藻糖 trehalose	蔗糖 sucrose	6-BA 6-benzylami- nopurine	GA₃ gibbere- llin A₃	ABA abscisic acid
2020		X0(CK)
		X1	√	√		√
	B1	X2	√	√			√
		X3	√	√				√
		X4	√		√	√
	B2	X5	√		√		√
		X6	√		√			√
		X7①				√
2021		Y0(CK)
		Y1	√	√		√
		Y2	√				√
		Y3				√
		Y4②					√

年份 year	处理 treatment	开花株率/% percentage of flowering plants	单株最大开花量/ (朵·株^-1) maximum flower number per plant	平均单株开花量/ (朵·株^-1) average flower number per plant	二次开花花期 time of secondary flowering
2020	X0	0 C c	0	0 C c	/
	X1	100.0 A a	3	2.0 AB ab	07-14—07-19
	X2	33.0 AB ab	6	2.0 AB ab	07-19—07-23
	X3	0 C c	0	0 C c	/
	X4	50.0 AB ab	2	1.0 AB ab	07-20—07-22
	X5	100.0 A a	2	1.3 AB ab	07-21—07-23
	X6	0 C c	0	0 C c	/
	X7	100.0 A a	6	3.0 A a	08-06—08-11
2021	Y0	0 C c	0	0 D d	/
	Y1	75.0 AB ab	16	6.7 AB ab	07-10—07-28
	Y2	100.0 A a	22	11.8 A a	07-06—08-04
	Y3	66.7 AB ab	2	1.5 BC bc	07-14—07-20
	Y4	100.0 A a	5	5.0 AB ab	07-14—08-10

白玉兰二次开花诱导与生理调控研究

Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata

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