原始红松林皆伐后穿透雨对凋落物淋溶过程的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201907046

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 159-167.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201907046

原始红松林皆伐后穿透雨对凋落物淋溶过程的影响

刘楠(), 冯富娟^*(), 张秀月

东北林业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2019-07-31 接受日期:2020-04-08 出版日期:2021-01-30 发布日期:2021-02-01
通讯作者: 冯富娟
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31670496)

Effects of the litter leaching process by throughfall after clear cutting of primary Pinus koraiensis forest

LIU Nan(), FENG Fujuan^*(), ZHANG Xiuyue

College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2019-07-31 Accepted:2020-04-08 Online:2021-01-30 Published:2021-02-01
Contact: FENG Fujuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示原始红松林皆伐恢复演替为60年生的次生阔叶林后,凋落物对淋溶过程土壤养分归还及酸沉降的缓冲作用的影响,为评价森林生态功能的变化提供参考。【方法】以小兴安岭地区典型的原始红松林和皆伐后恢复演替60 a的次生阔叶林为研究对象,在两个样地内选择非林隙且林木通直分布均匀处放置30个体积为1 L的冠层穿透雨收集器,在每个穿透雨收集器附近设置1个凋落物淋溶液收集器。于2017年4—11月期间每隔45 d野外原位收集林下穿透雨和凋落物的淋溶液,以穿透雨为对照,对两者凋落物淋溶液中养分元素、可溶性有机物 (DOM) 的含量及pH的变化规律进行比较。【结果】与原始红松林相比,次生阔叶林凋落物中养分元素溶出总量显著偏低 (P<0.05),但不同元素的溶出规律并不一致,两个林型凋落物养分元素的释放高峰多集中于6月和7月;两者相比,原始红松林凋落物中DOM的溶出总量、可溶性有机碳 (DOC) 和可溶性有机磷 (DOP) 都极显著偏高,而可溶性有机氮 (DON) 的溶出量则极显著偏低 (P<0.01)。两个林型穿透雨中养分元素与DOM的变化规律与淋溶液基本一致。整个实验期间,两种林型的林下穿透雨pH变动范围为5.34~7.21,而凋落物淋溶液pH变动范围为6.37~7.65,凋落物层能对穿透雨的pH进行有效调节。两者相比,原始红松林凋落物层对林内穿透雨的调节作用更大。【结论】原始红松林皆伐恢复演替为60年生的次生阔叶林后,凋落物层在淋溶过程对土壤养分及DOM归还的能力减弱;凋落物层可以对穿透雨的pH进行有效调节,两者相比,原始红松林凋落物层对林内穿透雨的酸缓冲作用更强。

关键词: 原始红松林, 恢复演替, 凋落物, 淋溶, 土壤养分, 可溶性有机物, 酸缓冲

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of the throughfall leaching process on the litter nutrient release into soil nutrition and the buffer action of litter on throughfall-accompanied acid deposition were assessed in a primary Pinus koraiensis forest and in a secondary broad-leaved forest that had recovered for 60 years after clear-cutting. 【Method】 We selected a typical primary P. koraiensis forest and a 60-year-succession secondary broad-leaved forest after clear cutting of the primary forest in Lesser Khingan Mountains as the research materials. Two sampling sites were set and 30 throughfall collectors with a volume of 1 L were placed in the two sites with nonforest gaps and the uniform straight tree distribution. A litter leaching solution collector was set up near each throughfall collector. We collected in situ the solution of throughfall and litter leaching in the two forests at an interval of 45 days from April to November 2017. The concentrations of nutrient elements and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and pH values in the litter leaching solution of the two forest types were compared. 【Result】Compared to the primary P. koraiensis forest, the total amount of leaching nutrient elements in the secondary broad-leaved forest was significantly lower (P <0.05). The changing patterns of leached elements were inconsistent between the two forests. The release peak of nutrient elements of the two forest types both occurred mainly in June and July. The total amounts of DOM, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) leached from the litters were significantly higher, but the total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was lower in the primary P. koraiensis forest than in the secondary broad-leaved forest (P <0.01). The changing patterns of the nutrient elements and DOM in the throughfall and litter leaching solutions were similar between the two forest types. The pH value of the throughfall ranged from 5.34 to 7.21, while the pH value of leachate in the litter ranged from 6.37 to 7.65. The results indicated that the litter layer effectively regulated the pH of the throughfall. The range of pH regulation by the litter layers was larger in the primary P. koraiensis forest than that in the secondary broad-leaved forest. 【Conclusion】The litter layers play regulatory roles in solution pH before the throughfall into forest soils. Compared to the primary P. koraiensis forest, the nutrient release efficiency and pH adjustment of the litter layers were lower in the secondary broad-leaved forest.

Key words: primary Pinus koraiensis forest, restoration succession, litter, leaching, soil nutrient element, dissolved organic matter, acid buffering

中图分类号:

S718

刘楠,冯富娟,张秀月. 原始红松林皆伐后穿透雨对凋落物淋溶过程的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(1): 159-167.

LIU Nan, FENG Fujuan, ZHANG Xiuyue. Effects of the litter leaching process by throughfall after clear cutting of primary Pinus koraiensis forest[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(1): 159-167.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201907046.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

林型 (F) 和淋溶时间 (L) 及其交互作用对淋溶液中养分元素质量浓度的影响"

差异来源 difference source	自由度 df	全氮TN		全磷TP		全钾TK		全钙TCa
差异来源 difference source	自由度 df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
林型F	1	837.23	<0.01	280.16	<0.01	13.50	<0.01	65.96	<0.01
淋溶时间L	4	345.52	<0.01	1 678.47	<0.01	8.15	<0.01	102.47	<0.01
林型×淋溶时间F×L	4	107.43	<0.01	214.72	<0.01	11.11	<0.01	16.01	<0.01
差异来源 difference source	自由度 df	全钠TNa		全镁TMg		铵态氮N $H 4 +$ -N		硝态氮N $O 3 -$ -N
差异来源 difference source	自由度 df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
林型F	1	5.91	<0.01	23.64	<0.01	58.60	<0.01	350.03	<0.01
淋溶时间L	4	7.22	<0.01	36.13	<0.01	49.77	<0.01	70.62	<0.01
林型×淋溶时间F×L	4	6.11	<0.01	36.17	<0.01	67.77	<0.01	55.79	<0.01

表2

图2

图3

图4

表3

图5

图6

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林型 forest type	含量/(g·kg^-1) mass concentration								质量比mass ratio
林型 forest type	全碳TC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	全钾 TK	全钙 TCa	全镁 TMg	木质素 lignin	纤维素 cellulose	碳/氮 C/N	木质素/N lignin/N
原始红松林 primary Pinus koraiensis forest	479.46± 3.56 a	12.03± 0.52 a	0.70± 0.003 a	1.48± 0.03 a	18.01± 0.49 a	0.91± 0.05 a	389.62± 7.35 a	336.63± 12.38 a	39.92± 1.55 a	32.47± 2.29 a
次生阔叶林 secondary broad- leaved forest	468.80± 9.42 b	14.35± 0.80 b	0.92± 0.36 b	2.37± 0.05b	16.36± 1.73 a	1.04± 0.01 b	286.36± 7.64 b	276.71± 11.67 b	32.81± 2.45 b	20.03± 1.73 b

原始红松林皆伐后穿透雨对凋落物淋溶过程的影响

Effects of the litter leaching process by throughfall after clear cutting of primary Pinus koraiensis forest

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差异来源 difference source	自由度 df	可溶性有机碳 DOC		可溶性有机氮 DON		可溶性有机磷 DOP
差异来源 difference source	自由度 df	F	P	F	P	F	P
林型F	1	2 410.08	<0.01	350.03	<0.01	4.36	<0.01
淋溶时间L	4	15 378.76	<0.01	70.62	<0.01	275.59	<0.01
F×L	4	226 775.00	<0.01	55.79	<0.01	139.17	<0.01

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