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光肩星天牛对糖槭挥发物的EAG及嗅觉行为反应
马晓乾, 葛君, 王琪, 赵红盈, 孙妍, 高宇, 申国涛, 于文喜
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1) : 123-130.
PDF(1478 KB)
PDF(1478 KB)
光肩星天牛对糖槭挥发物的EAG及嗅觉行为反应
EAG and olfactory behavioral responses of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to volatiles of Acer saccharum
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【目的】分析影响光肩星天牛定位寄主的糖槭挥发物成分,解析挥发物在光肩星天牛搜寻和定位寄主过程中的作用,为光肩星天牛的综合防控提供依据。【方法】利用热脱附气质联用法(thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,TCT-GC-MS)分析鉴定糖槭挥发物组分,通过触角电位仪和“Y”型嗅觉仪测定光肩星天牛对槭树挥发物的触角电位(EAG)及嗅觉行为反应。采用多重比较、独立样本t检验和卡方检验分析等方法,明确影响光肩星天牛搜寻和定位寄主的主要挥发物。【结果】经鉴定,糖槭具有34种挥发性化合物,其主要成分为酯类、烯类、酸类和醇类,分别占61.67%、12.99%、5.58%和5.02%。光肩星天牛对所测定的12种糖槭挥发物均有一定的EAG及嗅觉行为反应,在不同挥发物间、同种挥发物不同浓度间、同种挥发物同一浓度雌、雄光肩星天牛成虫间EAG及嗅觉行为反应存在一定的差异。光肩星天牛雌、雄成虫对乙酸己酯、己二酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、乙酸叶醇酯、丙酸叶醇酯、顺-3-己烯醇、2-己基-1-癸醇、罗勒烯和角鲨烯具有明显的EAG反应;乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯、丙酸叶醇酯、顺-3-己烯醇和2-己基-1-癸醇对光肩星天牛雌、雄成虫均具有较强的引诱作用,罗勒烯和角鲨烯具有较强的驱避作用;己二酸二异丁酯和月桂酸对光肩星天牛雌成虫具有引诱作用,对雄成虫无明显的趋性引诱作用。【结论】糖槭挥发物中乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯、丙酸叶醇酯、顺-3-己烯醇和2-己基-1-癸醇对光肩星天牛雌、雄成虫均具有较强的引诱作用,罗勒烯和角鲨烯具有较强的驱避作用。己二酸二异丁酯和月桂酸对光肩星天牛雌成虫具有引诱作用,对雄成虫无明显的趋性作用。
【Objective】 This study was conducted to identify the volatile components of Acer saccharum, explore how the volatile constituents of Acer saccharum affect the host position of Anoplophora glabripennis, analyze the role of host volatiles in the search for and host positioning of Anoplophora glabripennis, and provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of Anoplophora glabripennis infestations. 【Method】The volatile components of Acer saccharum were identified by TCT-GC-MS. The electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Anoplophora glabripennis to Acer saccharum volatiles were determined by the electroantennogram (EAG) and Y-tube olfactometer. The main volatiles affecting the search and host location of A. glabripennis were identified by multiple comparison methods, an independent sample t test, and a chi-square test analysis. 【Result】The volatiles released from Acer saccharum included 34 volatile compounds, the main components of which were esters (61.67%), alkenes (12.99%), acids (5.58%) and alcohols (5.02%), respectively. There were electrophysiological and behavioral responses to 12 volatile compounds. The electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the female and male A. glabripennis adults were significantly different to the same concentration of different volatiles, the same volatiles, and different concentrations of the same volatiles. Male and female A. glabripennis adults exhibited obvious electrophysiological responses to hexyl acetate, diisobutyl adipate, diisobutyl phthalate, hexenyl acetate, geranyl propionate, cis-3-hexenol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, ocimene and squalene. Among these, the female and male adults of A. glabripennis showed a significant attraction to hexyl acetate, hexenyl acetater, geranyl propionate, cis-3-hexenol, and 2-hexyl-1-nonanol, while ocimene and squalene had significant repellent effects. Female adults of A. glabripennis were significantly attracted to diisobutyl adipate and lauric acid, but these compounds elicited no behavioral response from male adults. 【Conclusion】 Female and male adults of A. glabripennis are strongly attracted to hexenyl acetater, geranyl propionate, cis-3-hexenol, and 2-hexyl-1-nonanol, while ocimene and squalene show good repellent qualities. Diisobutyl adipate and lauric acid were significantly attractive to female adults of A. glabripennis, but male adults showed no behavioral response.
光肩星天牛 / 糖槭 / 挥发物 / 热脱附气质联用法(TCT-GC-MS) / 触角电位(EAG) / 嗅觉行为
Anoplophora glabripennis / Acer saccharum / volatiles / TCT-GC-MS / EAG / olfactory behavior
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用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法对5种生理状态（健康、人为物理损伤、饵木、取食和产卵）的马尾松Pinus massoniana和取食危害状态的雪松Cedrus deodara的萜烯进行分析。研究结果显示，5种生理状态下，α-蒎烯在萜烯组分中均占有最高比例。健康状态下马尾松树干和树枝中的萜烯组分不同且含量有显著差异。随着饵木的衰弱进程，α-蒎烯的相对含量显著减少，β-蒎烯的含量显著增加，我们推测，α-蒎烯与β-蒎烯的相对比例越小则寄主树势衰弱的程度越深，其两者比例的变化是马尾松寄主树势衰弱程度变化的一个重要信号。人为物理损伤的马尾松树干与树枝的α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和β-水芹烯含量差异显著。不同产卵危害程度的马尾松树干萜烯类组分不同，同一产卵危害程度的马尾松树干上部和下部的多数萜烯组分相对含量差异显著，但变化无明显规律。取食危害状态下马尾松和雪松萜烯种类不同且含量差异显著。重度产卵危害马尾松树干与取食危害树枝萜烯中，α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯和β-水芹烯相对含量差异显著。第13天的饵木与人为物理损伤的马尾松树干的萜烯中，饵木的β-蒎烯和柠檬烯相对百分含量均比人为物理损伤状态的高，而α-蒎烯则相反。α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯在取食危害树枝中的含量显著高于健康树枝，而β-月桂烯、β水芹烯和反式石竹烯在健康状态树枝中的含量显著高于取食危害树枝。除了α-蒎烯和β蒎烯，健康状态与产卵危害状态的马尾松树干萜烯相对含量大都差异显著。α-蒎烯，β-蒎烯和β-水芹烯在人为物理损伤与虫害状态的马尾松树干及树枝中含量差异较大。总之，α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和β-水芹烯很可能是影响和调节松墨天牛取食和产卵行为最为重要的信号物质。松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope对寄主萜烯的触角电位（EAG）表明，该天牛对β-蒎烯的EAG活性高于其他萜烯，乙醇也能引起较高的EAG反应活性，但总体上对单一萜烯的EAG反应活性不强，且存在雌雄差异。
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Host plant-derived esters were investigated as potential female-specific attractants for the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.), a key pest of apples worldwide. The behavioural effects of single and combined volatile compounds and of a natural odour blend were examined using olfactometry and wind-tunnel bioassays. The apple-derived volatile butyl hexanoate attracted mated females while it was behaviourally ineffective for males over a dosage range of more than three orders of magnitude in olfactometer assays. Female CM preferred this kairomone to the headspace volatiles from ripe apples. Both no-choice and choice trials in the wind-tunnel suggested that female moths might be effectively trapped by means of this compound. In contrast, headspace volatiles collected from ripe apple fruits as well as a blend containing the six dominant esters from ripe apples were behaviourally ineffective. A female-specific repellency was found for the component hexyl acetate in the olfactometer, but this ester had no significant effect in the wind-tunnel. Butyl hexanoate with its sex-specific attraction should be further evaluated for monitoring and controlling CM females in orchards.
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The purpose of this study was to identify plant volatiles that provide host location cues for adult females of the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Larvae of this species inhabit flowering stems of the prairie perennial Silphium laciniatum L. (Asteraceae). Adult females responded to volatile compounds emitted by stems of S. laciniatum in field olfactometer bioassays. Plant volatiles were monoterpenes, including, in descending order of abundance, racemic
 - and  -pinene (~50%  + enantiomer for both), (+)-limonene, (–)-camphene, and -myrcene. In laboratory bioassays, females responded to aeration extracts of plant stems, the full blend of synthetic monoterpenes, and the four-component blend of -pinene, -pinene, (+)-limonene, and (–)-camphene. This monoterpene blend apparently serves as an olfactory cue for host plant location for female A. rufus and is the first such cue to be reported for a cynipid gall wasp. Species-specific ratios of plant monoterpenes may provide cues for gall wasp females to distinguish between plant species and choose appropriate hosts for oviposition. The olfactometer and bioassay techniques developed for this research may be useful for field bioassays of other types of minute arthropods.
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杜永均, 严福顺. 植物挥发性次生物质在植食性昆虫、寄生植物和昆虫天敌关系中的作用机理[J]. 昆虫学报, 1994,37(2):233-250.
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卢伟, 侯茂林, 文吉辉, 等. 植物挥发性次生物质对植食性昆虫的影响[J]. 植物保护, 2007,33(3):7-11.
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王紫薇, 徐华潮, 张娓娓, 等. 光肩星天牛对寄主的选择及主要寄主挥发物的化学成分分析[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2016,33(4):558-563.
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刘曼, 任春光, 杨茂发, 等. 竹织叶野螟触角感器的超微形态特征[J]. 林业科学, 2013,49(9):107-111.
应用扫描电镜技术对竹织叶野螟雌雄蛾触角感器进行研究。结果表明,竹织叶野螟触角呈丝状,由柄节、梗节和分为74~80个亚节的鞭节组成。触角上存在7种感器,其中毛形感器数量最多,其次是耳形感器和腔锥形感器;毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器Ⅰ型、耳形感器Ⅰ型、栓锥形感器、鳞形感器和Böhm氏感器为雌雄蛾所共有,腔锥形感器Ⅱ型、耳形感器Ⅱ型仅分布于雄蛾触角上,且腔锥形感器Ⅱ型为螟蛾科首次发现。对竹织叶野螟触角各感器的形态、分布以及雌雄间触角感器形态和数量差异进行描述,此外就竹织叶野螟与其相近种昆虫触角感器间的差异进行讨论。
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阎雄飞, 孙月琴, 刘永华, 等. 光肩星天牛触角感受器的环境扫描电镜观察[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(11):104-109, 191-194.
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