基于人体热舒适度的江南历史街区空间格局研究——以南京高淳老街为例

熊瑶; 严妍

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912017

熊瑶, 严妍

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1) : 219-226.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1) : 219-226. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912017

研究论文

基于人体热舒适度的江南历史街区空间格局研究——以南京高淳老街为例

熊瑶 ,
严妍

作者信息 +

Effects of spatial design and microclimate on human thermal comfort in the region south of the Yangtze River: a case study of old street in Gaochun, Nanjing

XIONG Yao ,
YAN Yan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】利用生理等效温度(PET)与微气候因子的相关性进行人体热舒适度的研究,基于不同空间格局下的人体热感受,提出空间优化策略。【方法】选取南京高淳老街,在分析场地布局和空间类型的基础上进行微气候研究,对不同空间内气象因素(空气温度、相对湿度、瞬时风速)与天空视域因子进行实测,结合问卷调查,分析各空间内不同时刻的实际人体热感受。进一步将实测数值导入RayMan中,计算生理等效温度(PET),结合南京地区生理等效温度表测算不同的人体感觉及生理应激水平,并对PET与微气候因子做相关性分析,探索微气候因子与人体热舒适度的相关性。【结果】根据研究区域场地布局归纳出庭院式空间、街坊式空间、行列式空间和独栋式空间4种建筑肌理,将空间性质分为开敞空间、半开敞空间与封闭空间3种。经测算,空气温度与PET的相关性最高,相对湿度与PET的相关性次之,瞬时风速的相关性最弱。行列式空间与独栋式空间(半开敞式)微气候表现较好,庭院式空间与街坊式空间(封闭式)表现最差。【结论】结合量化分析,提出5点优化策略,即确定有利于通风的街道方位与几何形态、确定适宜的建筑物与街道的高宽比、优化建筑表皮、增加绿化面积以及完善景观设施。另外, PET与历史街区微气候因子的相关性分析能够客观反映人体的热舒适感受,该方法可以为不同历史街区空间格局影响下人体热舒适度作出科学评判,并提出气候适应性改造策略。

Abstract

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and microclimate factors to explore the human thermal comfort in different spatial patterns, and put forward an optimization strategy. 【Method】 Four types of architectural textures (courtyard space, neighborhood space, determinant space and single-family space) were extracted according to the site layout in the Gaochun District, Nanjing City. The spatial properties were divided into three types: open space, semi-open space and closed space. Meteorological factors such as air temperature, relative humidity and instantaneous wind speed, and the sky view factor in different spaces were measured. A questionnaire was used to analyze the human thermal comfort at different times in different spaces. The measured values were introduced into RayMan model, and the PET was calculated. Combined with data from a physiological equivalent thermometer in the Nanjing area, different levels of sensory and physiological stress were obtained. 【Result】 The correlation between PET and microclimate factors was analyzed, and the correlation between the microclimate factors and human thermal comfort was explored. The correlation between air temperature and TPE was the highest, followed by relative humidity, and the instantaneous wind speed was the lowest. The determinant space and single-family space (semi-open) performed well, and the courtyard space and neighborhood space (closed) performed the worst. 【Conclusion】 In view of the above analysis, the following four optimization strategies are proposed: determine the location and geometric type of street conducive to ventilation, determine the appropriate aspect ratio, optimize the building skin, and increase the green area. The correlation analysis of PET and microclimate factors can objectively reflect the thermal comfort of the human body. This research method can provide a scientific evaluation of human body comfort under the influence of different historical block spatial patterns, and put forward a more suitable optimization strategy for the human thermal comfort.

导出引用

熊瑶, 严妍. 基于人体热舒适度的江南历史街区空间格局研究——以南京高淳老街为例[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2021, 45(1): 219-226 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912017

XIONG Yao, YAN Yan. Effects of spatial design and microclimate on human thermal comfort in the region south of the Yangtze River: a case study of old street in Gaochun, Nanjing[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2021, 45(1): 219-226 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912017

中图分类号： TU986

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With considerably increased coverage of weather information in the news media in recent years in many countries, there is also more demand for data that are applicable and useful for everyday life. Both the perception of the thermal component of weather as well as the appropriate clothing for thermal comfort result from the integral effects of all meteorological parameters relevant for heat exchange between the body and its environment. Regulatory physiological processes can affect the relative importance of meteorological parameters, e.g. wind velocity becomes more important when the body is sweating. In order to take into account all these factors, it is necessary to use a heat-balance model of the human body. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is based on the Munich Energy-balance Model for Individuals (MEMI), which models the thermal conditions of the human body in a physiologically relevant way. PET is defined as the air temperature at which, in a typical indoor setting (without wind and solar radiation), the heat budget of the human body is balanced with the same core and skin temperature as under the complex outdoor conditions to be assessed. This way PET enables a layperson to compare the integral effects of complex thermal conditions outside with his or her own experience indoors. On hot summer days, for example, with direct solar irradiation the PET value may be more than 20 K higher than the air temperature, on a windy day in winter up to 15 K lower.

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