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青钱柳药用优良单株评价与选择
Evaluation and selection on superior individuals for medicinal use of Cyclocarya paliurus
【目的】以青钱柳表型性状作为优良单株第1轮选择依据,结合叶生物活性物质含量进行第2轮选择,再基于年度间稳定性评价进行决选,为青钱柳生物活性物质原料生产提供优良种植材料。【方法】2017年3月,根据植株叶片(叶色、叶形、叶面积)、分枝角、冠型(扁平和饱满)等表型性状,结合优良种源进行第1轮优良单株选择;并于当年9月底采收入选单株叶片测定总黄酮、总三萜和多糖含量,评价入选单株的改良潜力并进行第2轮选择。2018年9月对第2轮选择出的优株进行生物活性物质含量年度稳定性评价并进行优良单株决选。【结果】第1轮选择出的36份材料叶片的3种生物活性物质含量均存在显著差异,总黄酮、总三萜和水溶性多糖的改良潜力分别为34.3%、43.43%和36.41%;据此,单指标结合多指标第2轮选择出10株优良单株。比较第2轮选择优株连续两年叶内的活性物质含量,决选出含量稳定的3株优株LC1、LC4和CP3。分析表明,嫩叶红色的表型性状与叶内总黄酮、总三萜含量呈极显著相关;总三萜含量与植株具较大分枝角和饱满冠型分别呈极显著和显著相关关系;但水溶性多糖含量与观测的表型性状无显著相关。【结论】基于青钱柳红色嫩叶、大分枝角和饱满冠型与植株叶内总黄酮、总三萜含量呈显著相关性,可将3种表型特征作为药用优株的选择依据。终选优株LC1、LC4和CP3 叶内生物活性物质不仅含量高,而且年度间表达稳定。为了保证高产稳产,需对选择优株进行多点试验并研究其遗传与环境互作效应,以确定其适宜生境和相应的栽培策略。
【Objective】 Based on two-round selections for phenotypic characteristics of Cyclocarya paliurus (first-round) and the content of bioactive substances in their leaves (second-round), the superior individuals were screened out through an evaluation of annual stability of bioactive substance contents over two consecutive years. These individuals would be taken as good planting materials for the production of bioactive materials of C. paliurus.【Method】Superior individuals were selected in the first-round in March 2017 based on phenotypic traits, including leaf color, shape and size; angle of the first lateral branch; crown shape (flat and round) and superior provenance. The total flavonoids, triterpenoids, and water-soluble polysaccharides in the leaves of the selected trees were determined in September 2017. After the improvement potential of the selected individuals was evaluated, these selected trees were taken as the basis of the second-round selection. In September 2018, the content stability of bioactive substances was assessed for the second-round selected trees to determine the final elite individuals.【Result】The contents of the main bioactive substances in leaves of 36 selected individuals were significantly different in the first-round selection phase, and the improvement potential of the total flavonoids, total triterpenoids and water-soluble polysaccharides was 34.3%, 43.43% and 36.41%, respectively. In the second-round selection, ten individuals were screened based on the combination of single and multiple indexes from the first-round selected individuals. Finally, three elite individuals with stable contents, including LC1, LC4 and CP3, were determined by comparing the contents of the main bioactive substances in the leaves over two consecutive years. The correlation analysis indicates that tender leaves in red are positively correlated with high contents of the total flavonoids and triterpenoids, while the total triterpenoids are significantly correlated with the larger branch angle and round crown. However, the content of water-soluble polysaccharides is no correlated with the observed phenotypic traits.【Conclusion】Owing to the positive correlation of phenotypic traits with a high content of main bioactive substances in the leaves, tender leaves in red, plant with a large branching angle and round crown were taken as the selection basis of the superior individuals for medicinal use of C. paliurus. The contents of the main bioactive substances in three final selected elite individuals (LC1, LC4 and CP3) were higher than those of others, and kept stable over two consecutive years. To ensure the high and stable yield of the bioactive substances in the selected plants, it is necessary to study the interaction effects between the genetic and environment in multiple habitats for further selecting suitable planting areas and corresponding cultivation strategies.
表型性状 / 生物活性物质 / 性状相关 / 稳定性评价 / 优树选择
phenotypic traits / bioactive substance / traits correlation / stability evaluation / selection of superior individuals
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