东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征

荆烁; 孙慧珍

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

荆烁, 孙慧珍

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 159-166.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 159-166. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征

荆烁 ,
孙慧珍 ^*

作者信息 +

The hydraulic characteristics of the whole branch and its components of the major tree species in the eastern region of northeast China

JING Shuo ,
SUN Huizhen ^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】针叶树种和阔叶树种木质部孔性特征的分化,导致两个功能类群在水力学结构上存在显著差异,分析针叶与阔叶树种枝条及其组分间导水率对比特征,了解树木枝-叶水力传导机制。【方法】以东北温带森林中常见的3种针叶树种红松(Pinus koraiensis)、红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和4种阔叶树种白桦(Betula platyphylla)、五角槭(Acer mono)、春榆(Ulmus japonica)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)为研究对象,利用高压流速仪(HPFM)的准稳态法,测定枝条的整枝(K_wb)、茎段(K_b)、叶片(K_lb)和叶柄导水率(K_p),并分别计算基于叶面积和叶质量的整枝(K_wb-area和K_wb-mass)、茎段(K_b-area和K_b-mass)、叶片导水率(K_lb-area和K_lb-mass)。比较同一树种枝条水力阻力分配以及不同树种同一组分间导水率差异,并探索标准化后的枝条及其组分导水率与叶性状[包括比叶质量(LMA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)]的关系。【结果】①红松的K_lb约是K_b和K_wb的4倍,针叶阻力(R_lb)仅占枝条总水力阻力(R_wb)的20%;其余树种K_lb和K_wb差异不显著,并显著低于K_b,R_lb占R_wb的61%~80%,茎段阻力(R_b)占R_wb的20%左右,叶柄阻力(R_p)占R_wb不足10%。② 不同材性树种K_lb-area表现为无孔材最高、散孔材和环孔材树种相似,阔叶K_lb-area显著低于针叶。不同材性或叶习性树种间K_wb-area或K_b-area均无显著差异。③ K_lb-area、K_wb-area和K_b-area与比叶质量(LMA)、干物质含量(LDMC)均正相关,其中K_lb-area与两者相关极显著(P<0.01);K_lb-mass、K_wb-mass和K_b-mass与LMA、LDMC均为负相关,K_lb-mass与两者相关不显著。【结论】除了红松,其余6个树种均可采用枝条或带叶柄的叶片代替叶片导水率数据。针叶导水率高于阔叶,一定程度上弥补了针叶树种木质部输水效率低的限制。对针叶树种采用枝条代替K_lb-area分析与叶性状的关系需慎重,基于单位叶质量的枝条及其组分导水率指标,能够如实反映针阔叶树种叶导水率与叶性状的关系。

Abstract

【Objective】The divergence in wood types between coniferous and broadleaved tree species is expected to lead to significantly different hydraulic architectures between these two functional groups. Despite extensive research on branch xylem, the hydraulic conductance of the whole branch and its parts between the two groups are not well understood.【Method】In the present study, the hydraulic conductance and the hydraulic relative resistance (the inverse of conductance) of the whole branch (K_wb), leafless branch (K_b), leaf blades (K_lb), and petioles (K_P)as well as the above values normalized by leaf area (K_wb-area, K_b-area, K_lb-area) and dry mass (K_wb-mass, K_b-mass, K_lb-mass), were determined in the quasi-steady-state mode using a high-pressure flow meter (HPFM). This was performed on three conifers (Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelinii) and four deciduous broadleaved tree species (Betula platyphylla, Acer mono, Ulmus japonica, Quercus mongolica) commonly found in the eastern region of northeast China. We analyzed the hydraulic resistance distribution of the whole branch, compared hydraulic conductance values within the same part of the branch among the different tree species, wood properties, or leaf habits, and established the relationship between the hydraulic conductance and leaf traits(leaf mass per area-LMA and leaf dry mass content-LDMC).【Result】The K_lb for Pinus koraiensis was approximately four times as much as the K_wb and K_b, whereas the K_lb and K_wb for the remaining six species were similar, and significantly lower than those of the K_b. The leaf-blade relative resistance (R_lb) in Pinus koraiensis accounted for 20% of the total hydraulic resistance (R_wb) in the branch, whereas the relative resistance contribution of R_lb, leafless branch (R_b), and petiole (R_p) to the R_wb ranged from 61% to 80%, about 20%, and lower than 10%, respectively, for the remaining tree species. The K_lb-area of the non-porous species was higher than those of the diffuse- and ring-porous species. The latter two functional groups showed no significant difference in the K_lb-area, resulting in a significantly higher K_lb-area for coniferous species than for that of broadleaved species. No differences was found in terms of the K_wb-area or K_b-area among tree species with different wood types or leaf habits. Leaf area-based hydraulic conductances were positively correlated with the LMA or LDMC, whereas leaf mass-based hydraulic conductances were negatively correlated with the LMA and LDMC. The K_lb-area and K_lb-mass showed a strong and a weak relationship with leaf traits, respectively.【Conclusion】The whole branches or leaf blades with petioles could be used to measure the K_lb for all the tree species examined, with the exception of Pinus koraiensis. The K_lb of coniferous species was higher than that of broadleaved tree species, which compensated for the lower xylem hydraulic efficiency, to some extent. Caution should be applied when analyzing the relationship between the K_lb-area and leaf traits using the whole branch for coniferous tree species. Leaf mass-based hydraulic conductance can faithfully reflect the relationship between the leaf hydraulic conductance and the leaf traits of coniferous and broadleaved trees.

导出引用

荆烁, 孙慧珍. 东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2021, 45(4): 159-166 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

JING Shuo, SUN Huizhen. The hydraulic characteristics of the whole branch and its components of the major tree species in the eastern region of northeast China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2021, 45(4): 159-166 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

中图分类号： S718.5

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不同材性树种的解剖、叶脉分布等结构性状差异会影响树木的水分运输效率和水分利用策略, 进而限制树木的生存、生长和分布。然而, 材性对叶导水率、水力脆弱性及其潜在的权衡关系的影响尚不清楚。该研究选择东北温带森林中不同材性的9种树种(散孔材: 山杨(Populus davidiana)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)、白桦(Betula platyphylla); 环孔材: 蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica); 无孔材: 红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)、红松(Pinus koraiensis), 测量其基于叶面积和叶质量的叶导水率(Karea和Kmass)、水力脆弱性(P50)、膨压丧失点水势(TLP)及叶结构性状, 以比较不同材性树种叶水力性状的差异, 并探索叶水力效率与安全的权衡关系。结果表明: 3种材性树种的Karea、Kmass和P50均差异显著(p < 0.05)。无孔材树种的Karea和Kmass最低, 而散孔材和环孔材树种差异不显著; 环孔材树种P50最高, 而散孔材和无孔材树种差异不显著。Karea和Kmass均与P50显著负相关(p < 0.05), 但散孔材、环孔材和无孔材树种的相关关系分别呈线性、幂函数和指数函数关系。这表明叶水力效率与安全之间存在一定的权衡关系, 但该关系受树木材性的影响。Kmass与TLP显著负相关(p < 0.01), 其中散孔材和环孔材树种呈线性负相关, 无孔材树种呈负指数函数关系; P50随TLP的增加而增加, 这表明树木在面临水分胁迫时, 其质外体和共质体抗旱阻力共同协调保护叶片活细胞, 防止其水分状况到达临界阈值。Kmass与叶干物质含量、叶密度、比叶重均显著负相关, 而P50与之显著正相关(p < 0.01, P50与比叶重的关系除外), 表明树木叶水力特性的变化受相同叶结构特性驱动, 树木增加对水力失调的容忍需要在叶水力系统构建上增加碳投资。

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