林火对森林生态系统碳氮磷生态化学计量特征影响研究进展

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003037

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 1-9.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003037

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林火对森林生态系统碳氮磷生态化学计量特征影响研究进展

孙龙(), 窦旭, 胡同欣^*()

森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2020-03-13 接受日期:2020-07-04 出版日期:2021-03-30 发布日期:2021-04-09
通讯作者: 胡同欣
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0600205);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572017PZ05);国家自然科学基金项目(32071777);国家自然科学基金项目(32001324)

Research progress on the effects of forest fire on forest ecosystem C-N-P ecological stoichiometry characteristics

SUN Long(), DOU Xu, HU Tongxin^*()

Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2020-03-13 Accepted:2020-07-04 Online:2021-03-30 Published:2021-04-09
Contact: HU Tongxin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林火可以改变森林生态系统元素的生态化学计量特征,反映火后森林生态系统环境中生物地球化学循环变化模式,阐明林火干扰下森林生态系统碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)生态化学计量特征,对于理解森林生态系统对林火干扰的响应机理至关重要。笔者通过查阅大量相关文献,总结与分析了林火干扰对森林生态系统C-N-P生态化学计量特征影响模式,以及林火干扰对植物C-N-P生态化学计量特征、凋落物C-N-P生态化学计量特征、土壤C-N-P生态化学计量特征的影响,认为森林生态系统C-N-P生态化学计量特征主要受到火烧因子(火烧强度、火烧频率、火烧后恢复时间)、植被类型及土壤性质3个方面的影响,针对林火对森林生态系统生态化学计量学研究亟待解决的科学问题,从林火干扰对植物生态化学计量内稳性的影响机制、林火干扰下多重元素生态化学计量学研究、建立林火干扰下植物-凋落物-土壤复合系统生态化学计量学关系等3个方面进行了展望,以期深入了解林火干扰下植物调控策略,明确林火干扰后多重化学元素间相互耦合机制,完善以植物-凋落物-土壤为复合整体的地上地下养分输入输出的关系,对于深刻理解全球气候变化背景下森林生态系统养分循环和平衡,以及合理制定林火管理措施具有重要作用。

关键词: 林火, 森林生态系统, 生态化学计量, 凋落物, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Forest fires can change the ecological stoichiometry of elements in forest ecosystems, reflecting the pattern of biogeochemical cycle change of the forest ecosystem environment after the fire. Clarifying the ecological stoichiometrics characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in forest ecosystems under forest fire disturbances is essential for understanding the response mechanisms of forest ecosystems to forest fire disturbances. By consulting a large number of relevant documents, the author summarizes and analyzes the impact pattern of forest fire disturbance on forest ecosystem C-N-P ecological stoichiometry and on plant, litter and soil C-N-P ecological stoichiometry characteristics. It is believed that the forest ecosystem C-N-P ecological stoichiometric characteristics were mainly affected by fire factors (i.e., fire intensity, fire frequency, recovery years after fire), type of vegetation and soil properties in three aspects. To address the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently in the study of forest fires on the ecological stoichiometry of forest ecosystems, prospects were made from three aspects, including exploring the influence of the mechanism of forest fire disturbance on the internal stability of plant ecological stoichiometry, comprehensively clarifying the study of multi-element ecological stoichiometry under forest fire disturbance, and establishing the ecological stoichiometric relationship of plant-litter-soil complex systems under forest fire disturbance. These are important for a deep understanding of the nutrient cycle and balance of forest ecosystems within the context of global climate change, for the rational formulation of forest fire management measures, and for further exploring the impact mechanism of plant growth, litter decomposition, and biogeochemical cycles in forest ecosystems after fire disturbance in China, to provide a reference for promoting the development of this field.

Key words: forest fire, forest ecosystem, ecological stoichiometry, litter, soil nutrient

中图分类号:

S718.5

孙龙,窦旭,胡同欣. 林火对森林生态系统碳氮磷生态化学计量特征影响研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(2): 1-9.

SUN Long, DOU Xu, HU Tongxin. Research progress on the effects of forest fire on forest ecosystem C-N-P ecological stoichiometry characteristics[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(2): 1-9.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003037.

图/表 2

图1

表1

林火干扰下不同森林生态系统土壤生态化学计量特征"

气候类型 climate type	植被类型,分布区 vegetation type, distribution area	火烧强度 fire intensity	火烧后恢复时间/a time after fire	c(C)/%	c(N)/ (mg·kg^-1)	c(P)/ (mg·kg^-1)	N/P	参考文献 reference
寒温带 cold temperate zone	兴安落叶松林 L. gmelinii, 大兴安岭 Great Khing’an Mountains	对照control	1	10.100±2.000 a	4 000±700 a	—	—	[37]
		低 low		6.800±0.800 a	3 700±300 a	—	—
		高 high		7.300±1.200 a	3 100±200 a	—	—
	偃松-兴安落叶松林 P. pumila- L. gmelinii, 大兴安岭 Great Khing’an Mountains	对照control	5	12.683±0.332 a	5 460±430 a	960±270	5.69±1.15	[38]
		低 low		11.945±0.918 a	5 230±280 a	870±340	6.01±2.02
		中medium		8.793±0.401 b	4 200±230 b	530±210	7.92±2.70
		高 high		7.255±0.392 c	4 410±370 b	440±370	10.02±7.58
		低 low	19	12.174±0.187 a	5 280±630 a	930±520	5.68±2.49
		中medium		8.916±0.411 b	4 490±470 b	620±230	7.24±1.92
		高 high		7.934±0.362 c	4 400±170 b	460±230	9.56±4.41
	兴安落叶松林 L. gmelinii, 大兴安岭 Great Khing’an Mountains	对照control	5	—	—	597±68	—	[39]
	兴安落叶松林 L. gmelinii, 大兴安岭 Great Khing’an Mountains	高 high	5	—	—	833±160	—	[39]
温带 temperate zone	油松林 P. tabulaeformis (0~10 cm土壤层), 河北平泉 Pingquan,Hebei	对照control	1	2.960±0.060	1 850±930 a	380±190 a	4.87±0.01	[40]
		低 low		2.340±0.030	1 340±90 a	240±10 a	5.58±0.14
		中medium		2.430±0.030	860±240 a	110±40 a	7.81±0.66
		高 high		2.970±0.410	2 170±130 a	290±30 a	7.48±0.33
	油松林 P. tabulaeformis (10~20 cm土壤层), 河北平泉 Pingquan,Hebei	对照control	1	1.560±0.060	1 260±810 a	330±190 a	3.81±0.26
		低 low		1.300±0.060	790±140 a	190±20 a	4.15±0.30
		中medium		1.270±0.060	470±90 a	60±20 a	7.83±1.11
		高 high		1.680±0.220	1 110±140 a	170±0 a	6.52±0.82
	油松林 P. tabulaeformis (20~30 cm土壤层), 河北平泉 Pingquan,Hebei	对照control	1	0.740±0.080	910±730 a	300±160 a	3.03±0.82
		低 low		0.950±0.050	620±90 a	170±20 a	3.65±0.10
		中medium		0.650±0.030	320±90 a	50±0 a	6.4±1.80
		高 high		1.000±0.080	740±230 a	160±60 a	4.63±0.30
亚热带 subtropical zone	常桉林E. crebra, 昆士兰州Queensland	对照control	5	2.300±0.200	3 750±530	347±26	10.81±0.72	[9]
	常桉林E. crebra, 昆士兰州Queensland	低 low	5	1.900±0.200	5 700±590	635±50	8.98±0.22	[9]
	枫香林L. formosana, 湖南株洲 Zhuzhou,Hunan	对照control	—	3.390±0.900 a	2 000±600 ab	260±30 ab	7.69±1.42	[41]
		低 low		3.080±0.360 a	2 100±600 a	260±20 b	8.08±1.69
		中medium		2.870±0.340	1 900±400 b	250±20 b	7.60±0.99
		高 high		2.530±0.480	1 800±500 b	230±30	7.83±1.15
	马尾松-木荷林 P. massoniana- S. superba, 湖南株洲 Zhuzhou,Hunan	对照control	—	1.530±0.660 a	1 200±300 ab	220±40 abc	5.45±0.37
		低 low		1.400±0.380 a	1 200±300 a	220±30 b	5.45±0.62
		中medium		1.310±0.350 a	1 100±200 b	210±30 b	5.24±0.20
		高 high		1.130±0.320	1 000±200 b	190±40 c	5.26±0.06
	杉木-木荷 C. lanceolata- S. superba, 湖南株洲 Zhuzhou,Hunan	对照control	—	2.090±1.060 a	2 500±400 abc	320±40 abc	7.81±0.27
		低 low		1.830±0.530 a	2 600±500 a	320±40 a	8.13±0.55
		中medium		1.680±0.420 a	2 400±300 b	310±30 b	7.74±0.22
		高 high		1.470±0.300	2 200±400 c	290±40 c	7.59±0.33
	檫木-杉木林 S. tzumu-C. lanceolata, 湖南湘潭 Xiangtan,Hunan	对照control	—	1.440±1.060 ab	900±30 a	100±10 a	9.00±0.60
		低 low		1.290±0.700 a	900±30 a	90±20 a	10.00±1.33
		中medium		1.200±0.590 ab	800±30 a	90±10 a	8.89±0.65
		高 high		1.040±0.500 b	900±80 a	90±20 a	10.00±1.89
热带 tropical zone	稀树草原^* Savanna	对照control		0.046±0.004 a	2 890±220 a	1 540±150	1.88±0.04	[10]
		对照control	1	0.037±0.003 b	1 790±70 b	1 740±230	1.03±0.10
		低 low	3	0.039±0.005 b	2 040±150 b	1 660±320	1.23±0.15
	雨林rain forest, 黑卡诺Cano Negro, 哥斯达黎加Costa Rica	对照control	1	5.460±0.500	5 400±40	2.89±0.14	1 868.51±76.68	[42]
	雨林rain forest, 黑卡诺Cano Negro, 哥斯达黎加Costa Rica	低 low	1	4.270±0.700	4 200±100	4.53±0.18	927.15±14.77
	雨林rain forest, 西孟加拉邦Kukra, 印度India	对照control	1	6.980±2.300	5 700±100	3.54±0.21	1 610.17±67.27
	雨林rain forest, 西孟加拉邦Kukra, 印度India	低 low	1	10.480±1.700	9 100±100	7.60±0.18	1 197.37±15.20

表1

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林火对森林生态系统碳氮磷生态化学计量特征影响研究进展

Research progress on the effects of forest fire on forest ecosystem C-N-P ecological stoichiometry characteristics

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