【目的】通过分析主分布区浙江红花油茶种实性状遗传变异规律及其与地理生态因子的相关性,为浙江红花油茶种质资源遗传评价和选择育种提供参考依据。【方法】对来自江西省、浙江省和福建省主分布区6个代表性产地的浙江红花油茶种实的8个性状进行测定,采用Duncan多重比较、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、表型分化系数(V_ST)及相关性分析等多种方法进行统计分析。【结果】浙江红花油茶总体种实性状变异程度依次为单果籽数>单果质量>千粒质量>鲜出籽率>果皮厚>果高>果径>果形指数,各性状在产地间、产地内均呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。各产地种实性状变异系数排序依次为德兴>乐平>婺源>武夷山>霞浦>开化,种实性状多样性指数平均为1.885 0,德兴与乐平产地具较高的多样性。种实性状的平均表型分化系数为35.31%,表明浙江红花油茶不同产地的个体变异是其种实性状总体变异的主要来源。各产地遗传聚类结果基本体现了产地的亲缘关系,高海拔的武夷山产地单独成组,显示了高海拔环境对种实性状的分化。种实性状中果皮厚度与海拔、千粒质量与降水量均呈显著正相关,反映了浙江红花油茶对环境的适应性。【结论】较全面地分析了浙江红花油茶6个产区的种实性状变异情况,8个种实性状在产地间、产地内均变异丰富,其中单果质量、果径、鲜出籽率、果皮厚度等经济性状变异较大,德兴与乐平产地在6个产地中具有更高的遗传多样性。群体内变异是种实性状总体变异的主要来源,遗传聚类与产地亲缘关系较一致,高海拔的武夷山产地单独成组,果皮厚度与海拔、千粒质量与降水量均呈显著正相关,显示了环境对浙江红花油茶种实性状的影响。本研究可为不同产地浙江红花油茶特定性状的良种选育提供参考。

【Objective】Camellia chekiangoleosa is a high-quality woody edible oil tree species found in the mountains of southern China. To provide a reference for the genetic evaluation of germplasm resources and selection breeding of C. chekiangoleosa, we analyzed the genetic variability of the seed and fruit traits of C. chekiangoleosa in the main distribution areas and its correlation with geographical and ecological factors. 【Method】Eight traits of C. chekiangoleosa seed and fruit from six representative producing regions in Jiangxi Province, Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province were measured. Multiple methods, such as Duncan’s multiple comparison, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), phenotypic differentiation coefficient (V_ST), and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. 【Result】The peel thickness of C. chekiangoleosa was 0.31-2.43 mm, with an average of 1.19 mm, and the fresh seed yield was 3.02%-48.63%, with an average of 20.54%. The degree of variation of the traits of C. chekiangoleosa was in the following order: seeds per fruit > weight per fruit > thousand seed weight > fresh seed rate > peel thickness > fruit height > fruit diameter > fruit shape index, and all the traits were significantly different among and within the producing regions (P < 0.01). In the Wuyishan region, the weight per fruit was the largest (average 106.50 g) and the peel thickness was the thickest (1.46 cm), while the fresh seed yield was the lowest (only 16.53%). Xiapu had the highest fresh seed yield (average 23.68%) and the smallest thousand seed weight. The fruit shape index and thousand seed weight were the largest in Leping. The largest variation coefficient of weight per fruit was in the Dexing production region, reaching 39.82%, while the smallest was in the Wuyishan region (only 26.66%). The largest variation coefficient of fresh seed yield was in the Wuyishan region (31.42%), while the smallest was in the Kaihua region (22.54%). The largest coefficient of variation of thousand seed weight was of Dexing origin (30.55%), while the smallest was of Xiapu origin (24.03%). The largest coefficient of variation of single fruit number was in the Leping region (43.74%), while the smallest was in the Kaihua region (23.63%). The traits with a small degree of variation are fruit shape index, fruit diameter and fruit height, and the coefficients of variability of their traits were mostly concentrated between 10% and 15%. In general, the coefficients of variations of seed and fruit traits of C. chekiangoleosa in the six producing regions were in the following order: Dexing > Leping > Wuyuan > Wuyishan > Xiapu > Kaihua. The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index of seed and fruit traits was 1.885 0. Fruits and seeds had high phenotypic diversity in the Dexing and Leping regions areas, and their diversity indexes were 1.949 7 and 1.948 7, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index of each trait was 1.627 6-1.949 2, among which the highest was seeds per fruit and fresh seed yield, with diversity indexes of 1.949 2 and 1.944 1, respectively. The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the eight traits was 35.31%, indicating that the individual variation in the different regions was the main source of the overall variation in seed and fruit traits. The genetic clustering results of various producing regions reflected the kinship of the producing regions, and the fruit and seeds from the Wuyishan area, with a high altitude, were grouped separately, showing the differentiation of seed and fruit traits in high-altitude environments. There was a significant positive correlation between peel thickness and altitude and thousand seed weight and precipitation, indicating the adaptability of C. chekiangoleosa to the environment. 【Conclusion】This study comprehensively analyzed the variation in seed and fruit traits of C. chekiangoleosa in six producing areas. The eight seed and fruit traits were rich in variation among and within the producing areas; among them, the economic traits such as weight per fruit, fruit diameter, fresh seed yield and peel thickness varied greatly. The Dexing and Leping production regions had higher genetic diversity among the six production regions. The variation within populations is the main source of overall variation in the seed and fruit traits. The genetic clustering was consistent with the origin. The Wuyishan area at high altitude was grouped separately, owing to the significant positive correlation between peel thickness and altitude and between thousand seed weight and precipitation, indicating the effect of environment on the seed and fruit traits of C. chekiangoleosa. This study provides a reference for the breeding of specific traits of C. chekiangoleosa in different production regions.