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两个乌桕新品种苗木光合特性比较
Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of two new Triadica sebifera varieties
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【目的】探讨两个乌桕新品种‘海滨绯红’、‘海滨紫晶’夏季光合特性并进行比较,为乌桕新品种的栽培与推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】盆栽条件下测定2年生嫁接苗叶片光合色素含量、光合日变化、光响应曲线以及CO2响应曲线,并进行灰色关联分析。【结果】① ‘海滨紫晶’的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量以及叶绿素a/b(Chla/b)均高于‘海滨绯红’,其中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量存在显著性差异;② 两个品种8月光合日变化曲线皆为典型的单峰型,无“午休”现象,‘海滨紫晶’净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日均值和峰值均显著高于‘海滨绯红’,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则相反;灰色关联分析表明,影响两个品种Pn的主要环境因子是大气温度(Ta)和光合有效辐射(PAR)。与‘海滨绯红’相比,‘海滨紫晶’的Pn与Ta的关联度更大,而与大气CO2浓度(Ca)关联度较小;③ ‘海滨紫晶’的最大净光合速率(Pn,max)、光饱和点(LSP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光补偿点(LCP)均高于‘海滨绯红’,表观量子效率(AQY)低于‘绯红’,其中Pn,max、LSP和Rd存在显著性差异;④ ‘海滨紫晶’的最大光合能力(An,max)、CO2饱和点(CSP)、羧化效率(CE)和光呼吸速率(Rp)大于‘海滨绯红’,CO2补偿点(CCP)小于‘海滨绯红’,其中An,max、CSP存在显著性差异。【结论】两个乌桕新品种在光合特性上均表现出较强的夏季生长适应性。与‘海滨绯红’相比,‘海滨紫晶’光合性能较优,对高温及强光的适应性更强。其较强的光合能力与其在高温强光下所受的非气孔限制相对较小有关,较高的羧化效率和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖(RUBP)再生能力可能是‘海滨紫晶’改善非气孔限制的主要原因,光呼吸可能是其在高温强光下避免光抑制和光破坏的一种机制。
【Objective】The photosynthetic characteristics of two new Triadica sebifera varieties ‘Haibin Feihong’ (‘Feihong’) and ‘Haibin Zijing’ (‘Zijing’) in summer were studied and compared. This provided a theoretical basis for the cultivation and application of new T. sebifera varieties. 【Method】The photosynthetic pigment content, diurnal variation of photosynthesis, light response curve and CO2 response curve of 2-year-old grafted seedlings were measured under pot culture conditions, and a grey correlation analysis was conducted. 【Result】① The contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), carotenoid (Car) and chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b) of ‘Zijing’ were all higher than that of ‘Feihong’, and the differences in Chl a, Chl b and Car content were significant. ② The diurnal variation curves of the photosynthesis of the two cultivars in August were a typical single peak type, and there was no ‘noon break’ phenomenon. The daily mean and peak values of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of ‘Zijing’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Feihong’, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the opposite. The grey correlation analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting the two varieties of Pn were atmospheric temperature (Ta) and light intensity (PAR). Compared with ‘Feihong’, Pn was more related to Ta, but less to atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) in ‘Zijing’. ③ The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn,max), light saturation point (LSP), dark respiration rate (Rd) and light compensation point LCP) of ‘Zijing’ were all higher than those of the ‘Feihong’, and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) was lower than that of the ‘Feihong’, in which Pn,max, LSP and Rd were significantly different. ④ The maximum photosynthetic capacity (An,max), CO2 saturation point (CSP), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and light absorption rate (Rp) of the ‘Zijing’ were higher than those of ‘Feihong’, the CO2 compensation point (CCP) was smaller than that of the ‘Feihong’, and there were significant differences between An,max and CSP. 【Conclusion】The two new varieties of S. sebiferum showed strong adaptability to summer growth in terms of photosynthetic characteristics. Compared with ‘Feihong’, ‘Zijing’ had the best photosynthetic performance and better adaptability to high temperature and strong light. Its stronger photosynthetic capacity is related to its relatively small non-stomatal limitation. The higher carboxylation efficiency and RUBP regeneration ability may be the main reason for the improvement of non-stomatal limitation by ‘Zijing’. Photorespiration may be a mechanism to avoid light suppression and light destruction under high temperature and strong light.
乌桕新品种 / 光合日变化 / 光响应曲线 / CO2响应曲线
new varieties of Triadica sebifera / diurnal variation of photosynthesis / light response curve / CO2 response curve
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