海水处理对沼泽小叶桦苗木生长和生理的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202004043

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 102-108.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202004043

海水处理对沼泽小叶桦苗木生长和生理的影响

佘建炜(), 张康, 郑旭, 赵小军, 程方, 唐罗忠^*()

南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-04-21 接受日期:2020-10-12 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-09-30
通讯作者: 唐罗忠
基金资助:
江苏省重点研发计划(BE2018392);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600402);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Effects of seawater on growth and physiology of Betula microphylla var. paludosa cutting seedlings

SHE Jianwei(), ZHANG Kang, ZHENG Xu, ZHAO Xiaojun, CHENG Fang, TANG Luozhong^*()

Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2020-04-21 Accepted:2020-10-12 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-09-30
Contact: TANG Luozhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 了解沼泽小叶桦(Betula microphylla var. paludosa)在海水处理土壤和海水处理叶片两种条件下的生长和生理响应,为耐盐树种的选择与应用提供依据。【方法】 用稀释成不同盐度(含盐量)的海水对1.5年生的沼泽小叶桦扦插苗进行根系浇灌和叶片喷雾处理。根系浇灌处理的盐度为盆栽基质质量的0%(CK)、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%(质量分数,下同);叶片喷雾处理的盐度为0(CK)、3.07、6.14、15.35 g/L。观察苗木的形态变化,并测定其生长和生理指标。【结果】 当用海水处理土壤(根系浇灌)的盐度在0.6%以下、处理叶片(叶片喷雾)的盐度在6.14 g/L以下时,沼泽小叶桦苗所受盐害较小,存活率均为100%。低盐度的海水处理(0.2%)土壤能提高沼泽小叶桦叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量,并促进苗木生长。海水处理土壤和海水处理叶片均导致叶片相对电导率升高,且海水处理叶片的涨幅更大。海水处理土壤条件下的苗木叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量低于CK,海水处理叶片条件下的MDA含量高于CK,但差异均不显著。除高盐度的海水处理(15.35 g/L)叶片外,其他海水处理的苗木叶片SOD活性总体上均低于CK。海水处理后,苗木叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性在处理早期高于CK,在处理后期低于CK。【结论】 沼泽小叶桦能耐受盐度为0.6%的土壤海水浇灌处理或盐度为6.14 g/L的叶片海水喷雾处理,表现出较强的耐盐特性,在滨海盐碱地绿化中具有一定的应用潜力。

关键词: 沼泽小叶桦, 盐胁迫, 海水处理, 苗木生长, 生理特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this research is to study the growth and physiological responses of Betula microphylla var. paludosa exposed to salt stress in seawater and provide the basis for the selection of seawater-tolerant tree species. 【Method】 Seawater diluted to different salinities (salt content) was used for root irrigation and leaf spray treatment of 1.5-year-old B. microphylla var. paludosa cutting seedlings. The root irrigating salinity was 0% (CK), 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% (mass fraction, same as below), respectively. The salinity of spray treatment on the leaves was 0 (CK), 3.07, 6.14, and 15.35 g/L, respectively. We observed morphological changes in the cutting seedlings and measured their growth and physiological indexes. 【Result】 When the salinity of the soil seawater treatment was below 0.6%, and the salinity of the leaf seawater treatment was below 6.14 g/L, the cutting seedlings suffered less salt damage and survived completely. Low salinity (0.2%) of seawater treatment on the soil could increase the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaves to a certain extent and promote the growth of cutting seedlings. Both seawater treatments on the soil and the leaves could lead to an increase in the relative conductivity of leaves, but the increase in seawater treatment on the leaves had a more significant effect than that on the soil. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaves under seawater treatment on the roots was lower than that of the control treatment (CK), and the MDA content of leaves under the seawater treatment on the leaves was higher than that of CK, but the difference between them was not significant. In addition to the high salinity (15.35 g/L) of seawater treatment on the leaves, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the leaves of other seawater treatments was lower than that of CK. After seawater treatment of the soil and leaves, the peroxidase activity of cutting seedling leaves was higher than that of CK in the early stage and lower than that of CK in the later stage. 【Conclusion】 B. microphylla var. paludosa could withstand soil seawater treatment with a salinity of 0.6% or leaf seawater treatment with a salinity of 6.14 g/L, showing a strong tolerance to seawater, and had substantial application potential in saline land greening.

Key words: Betula microphylla var. paludosa, salt stress, seawater treatment, seedling growth, physiology

中图分类号:

S718

佘建炜,张康,郑旭,等. 海水处理对沼泽小叶桦苗木生长和生理的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(5): 102-108.

SHE Jianwei, ZHANG Kang, ZHENG Xu, ZHAO Xiaojun, CHENG Fang, TANG Luozhong. Effects of seawater on growth and physiology of Betula microphylla var. paludosa cutting seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(5): 102-108.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202004043.

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处理时间/d treatment time	土壤盐度/% soil salinity				叶片盐度/(g·L^-1) leaf salinity
处理时间/d treatment time	CK	0.20	0.40	0.60	3.07	6.14	15.35
2	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常
6	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常	约1/4的叶片叶缘枯萎	约3/4的叶片叶缘枯萎
14	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常	约1/4的叶片叶缘枯萎,轻微落叶	约4/5的叶片枯萎,严重落叶, 植株下部萌发出较小的新叶
30	正常	正常	下部有少量叶片枯萎脱落	下部有较多叶片枯萎脱落	正常	下部部分老叶脱落, 萌发少量新叶	留有少量老叶,新叶较多但比较小,部分苗木顶梢枯萎

海水处理 treatment	盐度 salinity	存活率/ % survival rate	苗高增量/cm height increment	地径增量/mm ground diameter increment	单株生物量/g biomass
土壤浇灌 soil irrigating	CK	100.0	7.10±0.90 a	0.76±0.14 a	8.62±1.85 a
	0.2%	100.0	6.00±0.82 a	0.80±0.10 a	9.67±1.72 a
	0.4%	100.0	3.50±0.41 b	0.67±0.05 a	7.63±1.45 a
	0.6%	100.0	3.33±0.82 b	0.42±0.04 b	7.04±1.08 a
叶片喷雾 leaf spary	CK	100.0	7.10±0.90 a	0.76±0.14 a	8.62±1.85 a
	3.07 g/L	100.0	6.20±0.86 ab	0.64±0.13 ab	7.08±1.43 a
	6.14 g/L	100.0	6.04±1.87 ab	0.50±0.14 ab	7.52±1.26 a
	15.35 g/L	87.5	4.90±0.73 b	0.45±0.10 b	6.77±0.07 a

指标 index	叶绿素含量 chlorophyll content	可溶性蛋白含量 soluble protein content	相对电导率 relative conductivity	MDA含量 MDA content	SOD活性 SOD activity	POD活性 POD activity
叶绿素含量chlorophyll content	1.000
可溶性蛋白含量soluble protein content	0.265	1.000
相对电导率relative conductivity	0.019	0.092	1.000
MDA含量MDA content	-0.478^**	-0.392^*	0.064	1.000
SOD活性SOD activity	0.059	-0.188	0.479^**	0.430^*	1.000
POD活性POD activity	0.280	-0.055	0.204	-0.209	0.055	1.000

海水处理对沼泽小叶桦苗木生长和生理的影响

Effects of seawater on growth and physiology of Betula microphylla var. paludosa cutting seedlings

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