【目的】 江苏南部沿海不仅是鸟类迁徙路线上鸻鹬类重要的停歇地,还是众多雁鸭类等水鸟重要的越冬地。对江苏南部沿海越冬鸟类的种群动态及其生境利用状况进行调查,为越冬鸟类及其越冬地的生境管理提供参考。【方法】 采用样点法结合样线法对江苏南部包括东台条子泥、如东小洋口、通州湾、吕四港、启东黄金海滩的沿海滩涂、河口、围湖、高潮栖息地等区域进行调查,依据调查区域内水鸟栖息地分布及活动特点,对越冬水鸟群落结构和各调查区域越冬水鸟的多样性进行分析。【结果】 共记录江苏南部沿海越冬水鸟41种35 353只鸟类个体,隶属于6目10科;雁形目占总个体数的52.50%,鸻形目占总个体数的33.02%;人工鱼塘和泥质滩涂生境内越冬水鸟个体数均超过1万只,高于米草滩涂、滩涂围湖和芦苇塘等生境;从物种数来看,江苏南部沿海越冬的雁鸭类物种数高于越冬的鸻鹬类;在多样性指数上,东台条子泥越冬的水鸟物种多样性最高,其次为吕四港、黄金海滩、小洋口、通州湾。【结论】 在自然湿地退化的背景下,人工湿地作为鸟类越冬的替代生境,起到了越来越重要的作用,合理调控的人工生境为越冬水鸟提供了栖息地;互花米草的入侵对江苏南部越冬水鸟产生了复杂的生态影响,芦苇群落生境破碎化以及侵占泥质滩涂等都将使雁鸭类和鸻鹬类赖以生存的栖息地不断减少,互花米草的快速扩增,对沿海鸟类群落数量及分布的负面影响逐渐显现。

【Objective】 The south coast of Jiangsu Province is not only an important stopover site for waders on the migration way, but also a crucial overwintering sites for many waterfowls birds such as geese and ducks. Recently, the intensive coastal engineering at south coast of Jiangsu Province put a serious influence on biodiversity conservation. 【Method】 The study was conducted from middle to late January 2019. Based on the distribution and activity characteristics of waterfowl habitats in the survey area, the sample point method combined with the sample line method was used to investigate areas along beaches, estuaries, lakes and high tide habitats. The vital areas investigated comprised Tiaozini, Xiaoyangkou, Tongzhou Bay, Lyusi Harbor and Gold Beach. The community structure and diversity of overwintering waterfowls were analyzed. 【Result】 A total of 41 species 35 353 individual of waterfowls were recorded, which belonged to 6 Orders and 10 families. Anseriformes accounted for the largest number of species, accounting for 52.50% of the total number, followed by plovers, accounting for 33.02%. The results showed that Xiaoyangkou and Tiaozini areas were the research focus because of the high number of species and individuals of overwintering waterfowls. In terms of habitat, the number of overwintering waterfowls in artificial fish ponds and tidal mudflats was more than 10 000, which was higher than that in Spartina alterniflora flat, marine reclamation land and reed ponds. In terms of species number, the number of anseriformes in the south coast of Jiangsu Province was higher than that of waders overwintering; in terms of diversity index, Tiaozini had the highest number of waterfowls overwintering, followed by Lyusi Harbor, Gold Beach, Xiaoyangkou, Tongzhou Bay. 【Conclusion】 With continuous loss and degradation of natural wetlands, artificial wetland, as an alternative habitat, plays an increasingly important role for waterfowls to overwinter. Compared to natural wetlands, reasonably managed artificial habitats provide a better choice for overwintering waterfowls. The invasion of Spartina alterniflora has a complex ecological impact on overwintering waterfowls. The fragmentation of reed community and the encroachment of mud flat will reduce the habitat for waterfowls. The rapid expansion of Spartina alterniflora has gradually negatively affected the number and distribution of coastal bird communities.