挠力河流域景观生态健康时空演变

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202005029

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 177-186.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202005029

挠力河流域景观生态健康时空演变

宋爽(), 许大为^*(), 石梦溪, 胡珊珊

东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2020-05-18 接受日期:2020-09-22 出版日期:2021-03-30 发布日期:2021-04-09
通讯作者: 许大为
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572018CP06);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572017CA12)

Spatial and temporal evolution of landscape ecological health in Naolihe Basin

SONG Shuang(), XU Dawei^*(), SHI Mengxi, HU Shanshan

College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2020-05-18 Accepted:2020-09-22 Online:2021-03-30 Published:2021-04-09
Contact: XU Dawei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示流域景观生态健康时空演变特征并明确其空间分异性与集聚性,为流域景观生态资源管护及可持续发展提供参考。【方法】以景观生态结构、景观生态过程和景观生态功能为基础构建景观生态健康评价指标体系;采用层次分析法(AHP)与熵权法(EWM)集成模型明确指标权重;利用ArcGIS 10.7及GeoDa 1.14平台加权叠加分析、健康等级转移矩阵、探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)等对2010年和2018年挠力河流域景观生态健康时空演变及空间关联性进行深入研究。【结果】相较于2010年,2018年挠力河流域景观生态健康综合指数均值由0.67下降为0.59,由亚健康Ⅳ降低到中等Ⅲ水平;景观生态健康等级转化以相邻等级转化为主,转化类型中稳定型占比最大而改善型占比最小,退化型较改善型在占比和面积方面分别高出9.69%、2 184.67 km²,其中仅在宝清县北部和集贤县大部、友谊县东北部存在较小程度的改善;2010年流域景观生态健康具有较强的空间集聚性,2018年空间集聚性减弱,并通过空间自相关分析明确了2010—2018年流域景观健康空间分异与聚集特征的空间位置和范围。【结论】挠力河流域景观生态健康指数两时期空间分布大致都为东高西低,研究区整体呈现西部改善,东部和西南部退化的演变格局。根据研究区2010—2018年景观生态健康不同空间自相关转移类型,从生态用地保护、水土保持治理、土地开发与建筑用地管制、生态修复工程、绿色空间与景观格局优化建设等方面提出针对性景观生态规划建议。

关键词: 景观生态健康, 空间自相关, 评价体系, 挠力河流域

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of watershed landscape ecological health, clarify its spatial differentiation and clustering, and provide targeted suggestions and theoretical references for the conservation and sustainable development of watershed landscape ecological resources.【Method】Based on landscape ecological structure, process and function, this study constructed a landscape ecological health evaluation index system. The mixed model of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) were used to determine the index weight. Weighted overlay analysis, health rank transfer matrix, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), using ArcGIS 10.7 and GeoDa 1.14 platforms, were used to study the temporal and spatial evolution of ecological health and spatial correlations in the landscape of the Naolihe Basin in 2010 and 2018.【Result】Research shows that from 2010 to 2018, the Naolihe Basin landscape ecological comprehensive health index average dropped from 0.67 (level Ⅳ, sub-healthy) to 0.59 (level Ⅲ, moderately healthy). The transformation of landscape ecological health level was dominated by the transformation of adjacent levels. Among the transformation types, the stable type accounted for the largest proportion, whereas the improved type accounted for the smallest proportion. Compared with the improved type, the degraded type was 9.69% larger in proportion and 2 184.67 km² larger in area, with only minor improvements in the northern part of Baoqing County, the majority of Jixian County, and the northeastern part of Youyi County. In 2010, the ecological health of the basin landscape showed strong spatial agglomeration, which was weakened in 2018, and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed the spatial location and scope of spatial differentiation and aggregation characteristics of landscape health in the basin from 2010 to 2018.【Conclusion】The spatial distribution of the landscape ecological health index in the Naolihe Basin was generally high in the east and low in the west during both periods, and the study area as a whole showed a pattern of improvement in the west and degradation in the east and southwest. According to the different spatial autocorrelation transfer types of landscape ecological health in the study area from 2010 to 2018, targeted landscape ecological planning suggestions were proposed, including ecological land protection, soil and water conservation, land development and building land control, ecological restoration projects, green space and landscape pattern optimization construction.

Key words: landscape ecological health, spatial autocorrelation, evaluation system, Naolihe Basin

中图分类号:

X826

宋爽,许大为,石梦溪,等. 挠力河流域景观生态健康时空演变[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(2): 177-186.

SONG Shuang, XU Dawei, SHI Mengxi, HU Shanshan. Spatial and temporal evolution of landscape ecological health in Naolihe Basin[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(2): 177-186.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202005029.

图/表 8

图1

表1

景观生态健康评价指标及计算方法"

目标层 target layer	准则层 normative level	指标层 indicators layer	计算方法 calculation method	指标含义及参数说明 indicator meaning and parameter description
景观生态健康 landscape ecology health	景观生态结构 landscape ecology structure	景观干扰度 $U i$	$U i = a N Fi + b D Fi + c D Oi$	表征景观系统受到影响后景观结构的破碎、离散及形态变化程度^[20]。N_Fi为景观破碎化指数;D_Fi为分维数倒数;D_Oi为优势度指数;a、b、c分别表示各自权重^[20]
		景观连接度δ_con	$δ con = 100 ∑ s = 1 q ∑ h ≠ l p C shk ∑ s = 1 s q s (q s - 1) / 2$	衡量景观系统各组分之间的连通力^[21]。q_s为斑块类型s的斑块数;C_shk为划定距离内s中h斑块与k斑块的链接;C_shk取值范围为[0,1],其值越大,连接功能越高^[21]
		景观适应度L_AI	$L AI = P D × S HDI × S HEI$	表明景观生态系统应对外部干扰或变化的稳定程度。P_D为斑块密度;S_HDI为香农多样性指数;S_HEI为景观均匀度指数^[22]
	景观生态过程 landscape ecology process	敏感性指数A (土壤侵蚀模数)	$A = R i · K · L S · C · P L = (l / 22.1) m S = 10.8 sin θ + 0.03, θ < 5 ° 16.8 sin θ - 0.50, 5 ° ≤ θ < 10 ° 21.9 sin θ - 0.96, θ ≥ 10 ° C = 1, c = 0 0.6508 - 0.3436 lg c, 0 < c ≤ 78.3 % 0, c > 78.3 %$	衡量区域土地生态条件^[22,23,24]。R_i为降雨侵蚀力因子,K为土壤可蚀性因子,L_S为坡长坡度因子,C为植被覆盖和管理因子,P为水土保持因子;L、S分别表示坡长因子和坡度因子,l为坡长值;m为坡长指数;θ为坡度值^[25];c为地面植物覆盖度
		恢复力指数F (综合弹性指数)	$F = D i ∑ S i R i = (- ∑ S i log S i) ∑ S i R i$	反映生态系统恢复能力与健康水平^[13]。D_i为多样性指数,S_i为研究区景观类型i的面积,R_i为第i种土地类型的综合弹性值^[13]
		适宜性指数Q (水源涵养量)	$Q = R - J - E T J = (R - 0.2 K i) 2 (R + 0.8 K i), R > 0.2 K i 0, P ≤ 0.2 S i$	反映地形气候、人为、植被及本底因素对生态过程的影响。R为年降雨量,J为地表径流量,E_T为蒸发量,K_i为持水系数^[22,23,24]
	景观生态功能 landscape ecology function	生态服务价值 $δ$ _ESV	$δ ESV = ∑ S k × V k$	基于生态系统的自然和社会属性,对于生态系统提供生态功能能力的描述。S_k为研究区景观类型k的面积,V_k为景观类型k的生态系统服务功能价值系数^[26]

表1

表2

景观生态健康评价指标权重"

指标层 indicators layer	正负向 plus or minus	$W j EWM$	$W j AHP$	$W j$
景观干扰度landscape disturbance	负向	0.17	0.20	0.18
景观连接度landscape connectivity	正向	0.16	0.11	0.14
景观适应性landscape adaptability	正向	0.10	0.09	0.09
敏感性指数sensitivity index	负向	0.11	0.12	0.12
适宜性指数suitability index	正向	0.19	0.18	0.18
恢复力指数resilience index	正向	0.12	0.16	0.14
生态服务价值ecological service values	正向	0.15	0.14	0.15

表2

图2

图3

表3

图4

图5

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2010年健康等级 health level of 2010	2018年健康等级health level of 2018
2010年健康等级 health level of 2010	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	总计total
Ⅰ	187.34	276.58	242.05	43.50	14.21	763.68
Ⅱ	755.45	904.16	3 996.62	630.08	13.81	6 300.12
Ⅲ	566.32	914.63	3 862.49	176.46	121.88	5 641.78
Ⅳ	536.44	1 802.63	1 005.57	1 081.67	49.25	4 475.56
Ⅴ	563.79	802.07	605.70	196.26	3 196.64	5 364.46
总计total	2 609.34	4 700.07	9 712.43	2 127.97	3 395.79	22 545.60

挠力河流域景观生态健康时空演变

Spatial and temporal evolution of landscape ecological health in Naolihe Basin

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