【目的】 城市公园绿地作为城市空间中的自然因素,对人群健康具有潜在促进效应,通过研究公园绿地特征和人群使用公园方式,探讨城市公园绿地对人群身心健康的影响效应。【方法】 选取合肥市逍遥津公园为研究地点,以人群使用公园时段为分层原则对公园使用者进行分层抽样调查。公园使用者个人特征信息和使用公园方式采用自行设计问卷获取,身心健康状况采用健康调查12条简表(SF-12)进行评估,公园绿地特征运用层次分析法和调查问卷进行评价,利用描述性统计分析、单因素分析及多元线性回归分析进行统计分析。【结果】 生理健康多元线性回归分析表明,每次使用公园时长(变量非标准化系数b=0.922, P<0.01)、每周使用公园频率(b=0.770, P<0.05)、公园生态特征(b=1.353, P<0.01)、服务特征(b=2.057, P<0.01)和美学特征(b=0.375, P<0.05)与使用者生理健康状况得分呈正相关;公园服务特征(标准化后的偏回归系数b'=0.437, P<0.01)对使用者生理健康状况得分的贡献高于生态特征(b'=0.276, P<0.01)和美学特征(b'=0.081, P<0.05)。心理健康多元线性回归分析发现,每次使用公园时长(b=1.402, P<0.01)、公园生态特征(b=1.763, P<0.01)、服务特征(b=0.791, P<0.05)和美学特征(b=3.398, P<0.01)与使用者心理健康状况得分呈正相关,公园美学特征(b'=0.453, P<0.01)对使用者心理健康状况得分的贡献高于生态特征(b'=0.139, P<0.05)和服务特征(b'=0.077, P<0.01)。【结论】 公园绿地对改善人群身心健康状况具有积极效应,绿地特征质量越高,对人群身心健康的促进效应越高,而个人所获得的健康效益因使用方式不同而存在差异性。提高使用公园频率和适当增加使用时间有利于改善人群生理健康状况;增加使用公园频率对改善人群心理健康无明显作用,适当增加使用公园时间和选择9:00—12:00之间使用公园更有利于人群心理健康。

【Objective】 As a natural factor in urban spaces, urban park greenspace potentially benefits human health. By studying the attributes of park greenspace and the usage pattern of visiting parks, the effects of urban park greenspace on the physical and mental health of the population were discussed. 【Method】 Xiaoyaojin Park in Hefei City, China, was used as the research site, and park users were investigated by stratified sampling, using the duration of use as the stratification principle. Personal characteristics of park users and how they use the park were obtained by self-designed questionnaires; physical and mental health status was evaluated using the Health Survey SF-12 Brief; the attributes of park greenspace were evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method and questionnaires; and descriptive statistical analysis, variance analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. 【Result】 Multiple linear regression analysis of physical health revealed that the length of park use each time [the value of variable non-standardized coefficient (b) = 0.922, P < 0.01], the frequency of park use per week (b = 0.770, P < 0.05), ecological attributes of the park (b = 1.353, P < 0.01), service attributes of the park (b = 2.057, P < 0.01), and a esthetic attributes of the park (b = 0.375, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with park users’ physical health scores. The contribution of the service attributes [standardized partial regression coefficient (b') = 0.437, P < 0.01] to users’ physical health was higher than that of ecological (b' = 0.276, P < 0.01) and a esthetic (b' = 0.081, P < 0.05) attributes. Multiple linear regression analysis of mental health revealed that the length of park use per visit (b = 1.402, P < 0.01), ecological attributes of the park (b = 1.763, P < 0.01), service attributes of the park (b = 0.791, P < 0.05), and a esthetic attributes of the park (b = 3.398, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with the scores of park users’ mental health. The contribution of the a esthetic attributes (b' = 0.453, P < 0.01) to users’ physical health was higher than that of the ecological (b' = 0.139, P < 0.05) and service (b' = 0.077, P < 0.01) attributes. 【Conclusion】 Park greenspace improves the physical and mental health of the population. The higher the quality of the attributes of the greenspace, the higher the promotion effect on physical and mental health. Health benefits differ by usage pattern. Increasing the frequency of park use and increasing the time spent using the park benefit physical health. However, increasing the frequency of using the park was not observed to improve mental health. Increasing the time of use at the park and using the park between 9:00 and 12:00 am could make the mental health of park users more healthy.