【目的】堇叶紫金牛(Ardisia violacea)为中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,目前报道仅在台湾、浙江、安徽有零星分布。研究其种群结构和动态,旨在为维持堇叶紫金牛种群及其生存群落的发展提供一定的科学依据,也为探索堇叶紫金牛种群及群落的保护、更新和生态恢复奠定理论基础。【方法】以2018年新发现的堇叶紫金牛最北分布点杭州市临安区清凉峰镇顺溪坞的种群为研究对象,通过编制静态生命表和生殖力表,绘制种群年龄结构图、存活曲线和死亡率、消亡率曲线图,进行种群结构和动态分析。【结果】①种群内低龄级[D_B(基径)≤1.4 mm]植株数最为丰富,中龄级(1.4<D_B≤1.8 mm)和高龄级(D_B>1.8 mm)植株数较少,表现为增长型种群。②存活曲线趋向于Deevey-Ⅱ型,种群各龄级有相近的死亡率。③未来外部干扰下的数量动态指数V_pi'=0.008 8>0,种群增长速度较为缓慢,且对外界干扰比较敏感。【结论】样地内堇叶紫金牛种群整体呈低增长型发展趋势,生理寿命约4.0 a,种群规模相对稳定。

【Objective】 Ardisia violacea, a rare and endangered plant endemic to China, has been found only in Taiwan, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for maintaining the development of the Ardisia violacea population and ensuring the survival of the community as well as to lay a theoretical foundation for the protection, regeneration and ecological restoration of the population and community. 【Method】The population of Ardisia violacea in Shunxiwu of Lin’an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province was newly discovered in 2018; the northernmost region where Ardisia violacea is distributed was taken as the study area for this study. The sample square survey method was adopted. The sample areas were divided into sample squares of 20 m× 20 m, and then each sample square was further divided into 16 small squares of 5 m × 5 m. For each individual plant, we recorded species name, height, basal diameter (D_b), crown width and coverage; habitat factors were recorded, including altitude, latitude, longitude, slope direction, slope, forest canopy density, soil type and vegetation community. The population structure and dynamics of Ardisia violacea were analyzed by compiling the static life table and fertility table, drawing the population age structure diagram, survival curve, mortality curve and extinction rate curve. 【Result】 ① In the population, plants in the low age class (D_B≤ 1.4 mm) were the most abundant, while the middle age class (1.4 < D_B ≤ 1.8 mm) and the old age class (D_B > 1.8 mm) were the least abundant, which shows that this population is growing. ② The survival curve tended to Deevey-Ⅱ, and the population had similar mortality rates at all ages. ③ Under future external interference, V_pi'=0.008 8 > 0, the population growth rate is likely to be slower and sensitive to external disturbances. 【Conclusion】The whole population of Ardisia violacea in the sample plot showed a trend of low growth, a physiological life span of about 4.0 years, and the population size was relatively stable.