有机-无机肥配施对板栗园土壤肥力及根系功能性状的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006056

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 84-92.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006056

有机-无机肥配施对板栗园土壤肥力及根系功能性状的影响

廖逸宁(), 郭素娟^*(), 王芳芳, 马雅莉, 刘亚斌

北京林业大学林学院,省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京 100083

收稿日期:2020-06-30 接受日期:2021-01-20 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-09-30
通讯作者: 郭素娟
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001604);林业与草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2020133118)

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility and root functional traits in chestnut orchards

LIAO Yining(), GUO Sujuan^*(), WANG Fangfang, MA Yali, LIU Yabin

Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2020-06-30 Accepted:2021-01-20 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-09-30
Contact: GUO Sujuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 板栗是我国大力发展的木本粮食树种,结合无机肥速效性与有机肥持久性的有机-无机肥配合施用,对培肥土壤、促进根系生长能起到重要作用。探讨有机-无机肥配施对板栗园土壤肥力及其根系功能性状的影响,以期为板栗的科学合理施肥提供依据。【方法】 以河北迁西县8 年生板栗 ‘燕山早丰’(Castanea mollissima ‘Yanshanzaofeng’)为对象,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,按质量占比设置6个处理: ①100%无机肥(C₁),②75%无机肥+25%有机肥(C_0.75O_0.25),③50%无机肥+50%有机肥(C_0.5O_0.5),④25%无机肥+75%有机肥(C_0.25O_0.75),⑤100%有机肥(O₁),⑥不施肥(CK),采用连续根钻法采集0~20、≥20~40 cm土层土样和根样,测定分析土壤理化性状及根系功能性状等指标。【结果】 ①各处理不同程度地影响土壤理化性状。O₁处理0~40 cm土层平均有机碳含量最高(5.97 g/kg),0~20 cm土层C₁处理全氮含量最大(1.33 g/kg),但以有机-无机肥配施C_0.25O_0.75处理对土壤理化性状改善具有显著促进作用(P<0.05)。 $C 0 . 25 O 0 . 75$ 处理0~40 cm土层平均土壤C/N值较C₁和CK处理的分别提高38.81%、11.41%;与CK相比,平均碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量分别增加57.48%、47.49%、32.19%;土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水率分别增加11.23%、13.85%;土壤容重降低11.23%。②有机-无机肥配施显著促进0~40 cm土层中平均细根根长密度、细根表面积密度、细根体积密度、比根长(P<0.05),且0~1 mm细根增多,各处理大小总体表现为C_0.25O_0.75>C_0.5O_0.5>C_0.75O_0.25,以C_0.25O_0.75处理0~40 cm土层中平均细根生物量密度最高(511.24 g/m³),较CK处理增加35.42%,较C₁处理增加6.00%。高比例有机肥配施明显提高了细根根长、根表面积、根体积的占比。③主成分分析表明,土壤理化及根系性状指标在3个主成分上均有较高的荷载值,不同处理下土壤肥力与根系指标优劣综合排序为C_0.25O_0.75>C_0.5O_0.5>C_0.75O_0.25>O₁>C₁>CK。【结论】 有机-无机肥配施中的C_0.25O_0.75处理有效提高了土壤C/N、速效养分含量,0~1 mm细根增多,提高吸收根比例,是河北迁西县板栗园的较佳施肥模式。

关键词: 板栗, 有机肥, 土壤理化性状, 根系功能性状

Abstract:

【Objective】 Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is a woody grain species widely cultivated in China. Given the quick-acting effect of inorganic fertilizer and the persistence of organic fertilizer, the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer can play an important role in fertilizing the soil and promoting root growth. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on soil fertility and root functional traits in a chestnut orchard were examined to provide a theoretical basis for scientific, reasonable fertilization in chestnut orchards.【Method】 Eight-year-old Castanea mollissima ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ in Qianxi County, Hebei Province, China, was used as the research object, and a single-factor randomized block group experiment design was adopted, with six treatments: 100% inorganic fertilizer (C₁), 75% inorganic fertilizer + 25% organic fertilizer (C_0.75O_0.25), 50% inorganic fertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer (C_0.5O_0.5), 25% inorganic fertilizer + 75% organic fertilizer (C_0.25O_0.75), 100% organic fertilizer (O₁), and no fertilization (CK). Soil samples and root samples of 0-20, ≥20-40 cm soil layers were collected by a continuous root drilling method, and the soil physical and chemical properties and root functional traits were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 The treatments affected the physical and chemical properties of the soil to varying degrees. The average organic carbon content of the 0-40 cm soil layer under O₁ treatment was the highest (5.97 g/kg), and the maximum value of total nitrogen content (1.33 g/kg) was found in the 0-20 cm soil layer under treatment C₁. The C_0.25O_0.75 treatment significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil (P < 0.05). The average increase in soil C/N in the 0-40 cm soil layer was higher 38.81% than C₁ treatment and 11.41% than CK treatment, respectively. The average alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents increased by 57.48%, 47.49%, and 32.19% than CK treatment, respectively. The total soil porosity and soil moisture content increased by 11.23% and 13.85%, respectively. Soil bulk density decreased by 11.23% than CK treatment. The combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the average length density of fine roots, surface density of fine roots, volume density of fine roots, specific root length, and fine roots of 0-1 mm in the 0-40 cm soil layer (P < 0.05). The overall performance was C_0.25O_0.75> C_0.5O_0.5> C_0.75O_0.25. In the 0-40 cm soil layer treated with C_0.25O_0.75, the average density of fine root biomass was the highest (511.24 g/m³), 35.42% higher than that of CK, and 6.00% higher than that of C₁. The ratio of fine root length, root surface area and root valume was significantly increased by applying high proporation of organic fertilizer. Principal component analysis showed that soil properties and root traits all had higher load values on the three principal components than other indicators, and the comprehensive sequence of soil nutrient status and root traits under different treatments was C_0.25O_0.75> C_0.5O_0.5> C_0.75O_0.25> O₁> C₁> CK.【Conclusion】 The organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application treatment (C_0.25O_0.75) effectively improved C/N and soil available nutrients, promoted an increase in 0-1 mm fine roots, and increased the proportion of absorbed roots. Which was a better choice for the fertilization mode of chestnut orchards in Qianxi County, Hebei Province than others.

Key words: chestnut(Castanea mollissima), organic fertilizer, soil physical and chemical properties, root functional traits

中图分类号:

S714

廖逸宁,郭素娟,王芳芳,等. 有机-无机肥配施对板栗园土壤肥力及根系功能性状的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(5): 84-92.

LIAO Yining, GUO Sujuan, WANG Fangfang, MA Yali, LIU Yabin. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility and root functional traits in chestnut orchards[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(5): 84-92.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006056.

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土层深度/ cm soil thickness	pH	容重/ (g·cm^-3) soil bulk density	总孔隙度/ % soil total porosity	有机碳含量/ (g·kg^-1) organic carbon content	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1) alkaline nitrogen content	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) available phosphorus content	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1) available potassium content	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) total nitrogen content	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) total phosphorus content	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) total potassium content
0~20	6.82	1.39	47.60	3.71	50.00	22.87	144.81	0.83	0.66	9.29
≥20~40	6.79	1.32	50.33	4.17	42.48	17.43	136.67	0.76	0.55	8.56

处理 treatment	容重/(g·cm^-3) soil bulk density		总孔隙度/% soil total porosity		含水率/% soil moisture content
处理 treatment	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm
C₁	1.32±0.02 a	1.36±0.06 a	50.19±2.36 b	48.13±0.75 b	16.35±1.00 bc	17.53±0.56 cd
C_0.75O_0.25	1.26±0.04 b	1.30±0.01 ab	51.94±0.38 ab	50.98±1.57 ab	18.20±0.50 a	18.70±0.50 a
C_0.5O_0.5	1.25±0.02 b	1.27±0.02 ab	52.88±0.75 a	52.03±0.75 ab	17.03±0.81 bc	18.05±1.00 bc
C_0.25O_0.75	1.20±0.01 b	1.25±0.01 b	54.83±0.38 a	52.59±0.22 a	18.52±0.42 a	19.12±0.58 a
O₁	1.25±0.05 b	1.26±0.13 ab	52.95±4.72 a	52.46±1.00 ab	16.81±0.82 bc	17.82±0.13 cd
CK	1.37±0.03 a	1.39±0.06 a	49.31±2.18 b	48.43±1.09 b	16.04±0.30 bc	17.02±0.08 bcd

处理 treatment	PC1	PC2	PC3	总得分 total score	综合排名 total rank
C_0.25O_0.75	1.61	-0.05	-0.58	0.78	1
C_0.5O_0.5	0.65	0.11	0.19	0.43	2
C_0.75O_0.25	0.13	-0.23	0.58	0.15	3
O₁	-0.74	1.87	-0.08	-0.04	4
C₁	-0.62	-0.80	1.41	-0.22	5
CK	-1.02	-0.90	-1.52	-1.10	6

有机-无机肥配施对板栗园土壤肥力及根系功能性状的影响

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility and root functional traits in chestnut orchards

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