不同泥炭替代基质对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007003

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 145-155.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007003

不同泥炭替代基质对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

季艳红¹(), 潘平平¹, 窦全琴²^,^*(), 谢寅峰¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京 210037
2.江苏省林业科学研究院,江苏南京 210014

收稿日期:2020-07-02 接受日期:2020-07-31 出版日期:2022-01-30 发布日期:2022-02-09
通讯作者: 窦全琴,谢寅峰
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(19)1004]

Effect of fungus-residue and other matrix formulations on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of shelled walnut seedlings

JI Yanhong¹(), PAN Pingping¹, DOU Quanqin²^,^*(), XIE Yinfeng¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Jiangsu Aacademy of Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2020-07-02 Accepted:2020-07-31 Online:2022-01-30 Published:2022-02-09
Contact: DOU Quanqin,XIE Yinfeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨添加不同配比的泥炭替代基质如菌渣或醋糟等组成的混合基质处理对薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)容器苗生长以及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,筛选适宜苗木生长的低成本配方基质。【方法】以薄壳山核桃‘绍兴’子代1年生容器苗为材料,设置园土、泥炭、醋糟体积比为4:3:3(A1)、4:2:4(A2)、4:1:5(A3)和园土、泥炭、菌渣体积比为4:3:3(B1)、4:2:4(B2)、4:1:5(B3)配方,园土为对照(CK),共7个处理,分别测定苗高、地径和叶绿素荧光参数等指标,分析不同配比的基质处理下对薄壳山核桃容器苗生长与荧光特性的影响。【结果】不同配比的泥炭替代基质处理下苗木生长指标差异显著,添加菌渣、醋糟较园土均可降低基质容重,提高基质的通气孔隙度,增加有机质含量等,其中添加菌渣的基质配方有利于薄壳山核桃幼苗的生长,且以B3处理效果最佳。该处理苗木的苗高、地径以及叶片各项叶绿素荧光参数均显著高于对照,其中苗高、地径分别比对照增加了65%和73%。【结论】综合苗木的各项指标并考虑各项成本,减少泥炭用量,以园土、泥炭、菌渣体积比4:1:5低成本混配基质适于薄壳山核桃容器苗生长,提高苗木光能利用效率,且育苗成本较低,利于生产推广应用。

关键词: 薄壳山核桃, 容器苗, 基质, 生长量, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effect of substrate formula like bacterial residue on seedling growth and fluorescence characteristics of Carya illinoinensis seedings and select a low-cost substrate formula suitable for seedling growth.【Method】 One-year-old container seedlings of Carya illinoinensis ‘Shaoxing’ progeny were used as material. The garden soil, peat, vinegar bad volume ratios were respectively set to 4:3:3 (A1), 4:2:4 (A2), 4:1:5 (A3) and garden soil, peat, mushroom residue volume ratios were respectively set to 4:3:3 (B1), 4:2:4 (B2), 4:1:5 (B3) formula, garden soil was the control (CK), seven treatments were used. The seedling height, ground diameter and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of these treatments were determined to analyze the effects of different matrix formula on the growth and fluorescence properties of C. illinoinensis container seedling.【Result】 The seedling growth indexes of the different treatments significantly differed. Unlike garden soil, adding mushroom residue and vinegar bad could decrease the bulk density, increase the ventilation of the matrix porosity and organic matter and so on. Adding mushroom residue substrate was conducive to the growth of C. illinoinensis seedlings. Besides, The order of treatments from small to large according to seedling height was CK < A3 < A1 < A2 < B1 < B3 < B2; the order according to ground diameter was CK < A1 < A2 < A3 < B1 < B2 < B3. The addition of B2 and B3 bacterial residues into the substrate was the most suitable for the growth of seedlings. Seedling height and ground diameter of seedings that treated by B3 garden soil, peat, mushroom residue volume 4:1:5 matrix were significantly higher than that of control, increased by 65% and 73% respectively. Also, In terms of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the F_v/F_m ratio of B substrate treatment was higher than that of A substrate treatment in June and July, and there was no significant difference between A substrate and B substrate treatment in August and September. The F_v/F₀ of seedlings treated with B substrate was higher than that of seedlings treated with A substrate in June to August, and the F_v/F₀ of seedlings treated with A substrate was higher than that of seedlings treated with B substrate in September. The F_v '/F_m' index of all seedlings treated with B substrate was higher than that of seedlings treated with A substrate except in July. Φ_PSⅡ of seedling treated with substrate B in June to July was higher than that of treated substrate. The photochemical quenching (q_P) of seedling treated with the substrate B in June to July was higher than that treated with the substrate. Non-photocheroical quenching (NPQ) A of seedlings treated with A substrate were consistently higher than those treated with B substrate from June to September. During June to September, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of B3 treated seeding were significantly higher than control. According to the correlation analysis, the seedling height, and the maximum water holding capacity and organic matter content were significantly positively correlated.There was a significant positive correlation between ground diameter and maximum water holding capacity.There is a high correlation between available phosphorus and available potassium, which was related to the pH value in the formula matrix. The suitable pH value was conducived to the conversion of phosphate and exchangeable potassium ions. When the pH value was between 6.0 and 6.5, the availability of phosphorus and potassium in the matrix was the highest. Seedling height, ground diameter and F₀, F_m, F_v'/ F_m, Φ_PSⅡ and q_P was significantly positively related, seedling height and NPQ was significantly negative correlation, and ground diameter were very significant negative correlation with NPQ.【Conclusion】 In order to reduce the amount of peat, the mixture matrix of garden soil, peat and bacterial residue with a volume ratio of 4:1:5 was suitable for improving the growth and the light energy utilization efficiency of C.inillinoinensis seeding, moreover, its cost of seedling cultivation decrease, which was conducive to production and application.

Key words: Carya illinoinensis, container, seedling matrix, growth, chlorophyll fluorescence

中图分类号:

S718

季艳红,潘平平,窦全琴,等. 不同泥炭替代基质对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(1): 145-155.

JI Yanhong, PAN Pingping, DOU Quanqin, XIE Yinfeng. Effect of fungus-residue and other matrix formulations on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of shelled walnut seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(1): 145-155.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007003.

图/表 14

表1

表2

表3

图1

表4

图2

表5

表6

表7

表8

表9

表10

表11

表12

苗木生长指标与叶绿素荧光参数的相关性分析"

变量 variable	苗高 seedling height	地径 ground diameter	F_v/F_m	F_v/F₀	F_v'/F_m'	$Φ PS Ⅱ$	qP	NPQ
苗高 seedling height	1.00
地径 ground diameter	0.96^**	1.00
F_v/F_m	0.26	0.26	1.00
F_v/F₀	0.32	0.23	0.44	1.00
F_v'/F_m'	0.80^*	0.77^*	0.12	0.44	1.00
$Φ PS Ⅱ$	0.76^*	0.75^*	0.00	0.01	0.86^*	1.00
qP	0.75^*	0.80^*	0.09	0.27	0.94^**	0.96^**	1.00
NPQ	-0.86^*	-0.88^**	-0.33	-0.41	-0.95^**	-0.88^**	-0.95^**	1.00

表12

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基质种类 matrix type	pH	质量分数/% mass fraction
基质种类 matrix type	pH	有机质 organic matter	全氮 total nitrogen	全磷 total phosphorus	全钾 total potassium
园土 garden soil	6.81	4.69	0.18	0.02	0.01
泥炭 peat	4.60	33.30	0.44	0.21	0.05
菌渣 fungi residues	5.90	23.22	2.44	1.40	2.11
醋糟 vinegar residue	6.27	7.54	2.34	0.21	0.59

处理 treatment	基质含水率/% matrix water content	基质容重/ (g·cm^-3) matrix density	最大持水率/% maximum water holding capacity	最小持水率/% minimum field capacity	基质通气孔隙度/% matrix ventilation porosity
A1	61.26±3.00 aB	0.65±0.090 aAB	98.13±6.00 bCD	59.86±13.00 bB	23.02±12.00 bB
A2	50.86±3 00 bCD	0.64±0.060 aAB	110.66±18.00 abBC	67.49±6.00 abB	27.32±6.00 abAB
A3	51.45±9.00 bBCD	0.60±0.120 aB	124.44±22.00 aB	71.60±13.00 aAB	33.13±11.00 aA
B1	77.92±4.00 aA	0.75±0.030 aAB	84.37±12.00 cDE	59.36±8.00 bB	22.73±7.00 bB
B2	48.55±9.00 cDE	0.73±0.100 aAB	128.93±3.00 bB	68.47±5.00 bB	32.84±7.00 aA
B3	59.12±5.00 bBC	0.69±0.008 aAB	176.79±5.00 aA	83.35±4.00 aA	35.65±4.00 aA
CK	40.52±2.00 E	0.81±0.037 A	69.74±3.00 E	42.40±1.00 C	13.43±2.00 C

处理 treatment	有机质质量分数/% organic matter content	pH	全氮质量分数/% total nitrogen content	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1) soil potassium	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) available phosphorus
A1	8.09±0.500 aAB	6.63±0.009 aABC	0.28±0.003 aB	215.67±2.00 aA	58.19±0.20 bC
A2	7.82±0.400 aB	6.53±0.005 abBCD	0.26±0.003 bC	184.33±3.00 bC	67.18±3.00 bB
A3	6.24±0.200 bC	6.45±0.009 bCD	0.22±0.001 cD	154.67±1.00 cE	69.38±3.00 bB
B1	8.69±0.500 aAB	6.71±0.090 aAB	0.26±0.005 cC	201.67±3.00 aB	58.74±0.40 bC
B2	9.34±0.050 aA	6.65±0.020 aABC	0.30±0.003 aA	170.67±2.00 bD	85.82±2.00 aA
B3	6.49±0.100 bC	6.35±0.004 bD	0.28±0.005 aB	166.00±2.00 bD	86.48±0.70 aA
CK	4.69±0.400 D	6.81±0.020 A	0.18±0.005 E	143.30±2.00 F	43.94±0.50 D

处理 treatment	苗高/cm height of seedling	地径/mm ground diameter
A1	27.60±0.33 b	6.04±0.08 d
A2	28.10±1.20 bc	6.24±0.14 d
A3	26.50±0.88 bc	6.53±0.25 d
B1	28.70±0.88 bc	7.53±0.13 c
B2	34.50±2.19 a	8.02±0.39 b
B3	32.90±1.86 a	8.60±0.42 a
CK	19.90±0.58 c	4.97±0.10 e

处理 treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
A1	0.780±0.010 bD	0.770±0.009 bD	0.810±0.007 aAB	0.800±0.006 aB
A2	0.797±0.002 aC	0.780±0.002 aCD	0.810±0.006 aAB	0.800±0.004 aB
A3	0.795±0.009 aC	0.790±0.003 aBC	0.821±0.009 aA	0.801±0.004 aB
B1	0.805±0.006 bBC	0.790±0.006 bBC	0.813±0.008 aAB	0.790±0.009 bB
B2	0.811±0.007 bAB	0.793±0.005 bB	0.810±0.005 aAB	0.799±0.006 bB
B3	0.820±0.003 aA	0.810±0.009 aA	0.817±0.009 aAB	0.814±0.007 aA
CK	0.778±0.005 D	0.773±0.006 D	0.803±0.006 B	0.796±0.008 B

不同泥炭替代基质对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

Effect of fungus-residue and other matrix formulations on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of shelled walnut seedlings

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处理 treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
A1	3.83±0.15 aC	3.68±0.12 bBC	4.21±0.09 bD	4.67±0.16 aA
A2	4.02±0.04 aBC	3.96±0.14 aA	4.45±0.08 aC	3.57±0.14 cD
A3	3.91±0.18 aC	3.50±0.18 bC	4.47±0.04 aC	4.24±0.16 bB
B1	4.24±0.10 aAB	3.83±0.11 aAB	4.67±0.19 bB	3.49±0.12 cDE
B2	4.37±0.10 aA	4.01±0.16 aA	4.86±0.11 aA	3.95±0.13 bC
B3	4.28±0.11 aA	3.87±0.15 aAB	4.34±0.13 cCD	4.22±0.08 aB
CK	3.45±0.10 D	3.22±0.09 D	3.95±0.11 E	3.36±0.04 E

处理 treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
A1	0.552±0.010 aB	0.487±0.013 bB	0.581±0.00 5bC	0.561±0.008 aB
A2	0.536±0.005 aBC	0.500±0.010 bB	0.576±0.014 bC	0.574±0.011 aAB
A3	0.537±0.006 aBC	0.522±0.010 aA	0.609±0.006 aAB	0.566±0.015 aAB
B1	0.523±0.014 bC	0.496±0.010 aB	0.592±0.011 bBC	0.569±0.007 aAB
B2	0.607±0.013 aA	0.497±0.006 aB	0.601±0.007 bB	0.571±0.012 aAB
B3	0.603±0.013 aA	0.495±0.006 aB	0.622±0.014 aA	0.581±0.012 aA
CK	0.445±0.009 D	0.424±0.005 C	0.519±0.011 D	0.511±0.002 C

处理 treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
A1	0.345±0.012 bB	0.368±0.011 bC	0.374±0.011 bC	0.364±0.009 bB
A2	0.373±0.010 aA	0.388±0.008 aB	0.392±0.008 aB	0.388±0.015 aA
A3	0.362±0.004 aA	0.399±0.003 aB	0.405±0.010 aB	0.384±0.009 aA
B1	0.369±0.011 aA	0.391±0.005 bB	0.401±0.008 bB	0.393±0.012 aA
B2	0.376±0.011 aA	0.394±0.012 bB	0.405±0.010 bB	0.381±0.006 bA
B3	0.367±0.006 aA	0.419±0.008 aA	0.423±0.007 aA	0.364±0.004 cB
CK	0.333±0.013 B	0.356±0.011 C	0.368±0.009 C	0.346±0.010 C

处理 treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
A1	0.714±0.013 bD	0.757±0.010 cD	0.649±0.005 cE	0.626±0.008 cC
A2	0.726±0.015 bCD	0.789±0.007 bC	0.707±0.010 bB	0.671±0.009 aA
A3	0.748±0.009 aAB	0.826±0.007 aB	0.739±0.009 aA	0.655±0.011 bAB
B1	0.736±0.005 bBC	0.787±0.010 cC	0.669±0.013 bDE	0.642±0.011 bBC
B2	0.755±0.013 abAB	0.833±0.010 bB	0.691±0.012 aBC	0.659±0.004 aAB
B3	0.762±0.010 aA	0.867±0.010 aA	0.684±0.009 abCD	0.651±0.012 abB
CK	0.651±0.009 E	0.683±0.010 E	0.661±0.012 E	0.602±0.014 D

处理 treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
A1	2.740±0.059 aB	2.413±0.063 aB	2.241±0.076 aB	2.321±0.072 aB
A2	2.566±0.078 bCD	2.323±0.072 aBCD	2.121±0.057 bC	2.203±0.075 bC
A3	2.472±0.019 cDE	2.208±0.075 bD	2.015±0.077 cCD	2.15±0.062 bCD
B1	2.624±0.038 aC	2.368±0.059 aBC	2.084±0.049 aC	2.123±0.033 aCDE
B2	2.453±0.054 bEF	2.281±0.044 aCD	1.915±0.069 bD	2.053±0.050 aE
B3	2.361±0.021 cF	1.889±0.073 bE	1.738±0.059 cE	2.119±0.076 aDE
CK	3.210±0.076 A	2.971±0.078 A	2.353±0.052 A	2.555±0.067 A

指标 index	苗高 seedling height	地径 ground diameter	土壤含水率 soil moisture constant	最大持水率 greatest capacity	通气孔隙度 aeration porosity	有机质含量 organic matter content	速效钾含量 soil potassium content	有效磷含量 available phosphorus content
苗高seedling height	1.00
地径ground diameter	0.96^**	1.00
土壤含水率soil moisture constant	0.34	0.39	1.00
最大持水率greatest capacity	0.76^*	0.77^*	0.00	1.00
通气孔隙度aeration porosity	0.47	0.59	0.76^*	0.47	1.00
有机质含量organic matter content	0.77^*	0.54	0.51	0.08	0.33	1.00
速效钾含量soil potassium content	0.50	0.39	-0.15	0.39	0.30	0.50	1.00
有效磷含量 available phosphorus content	0.26	0.05	-0.59	0.25	-0.27	0.30	0.77^*	1.00

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