南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 205-212.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202009015
收稿日期:
2020-09-06
接受日期:
2020-10-21
出版日期:
2021-03-30
发布日期:
2021-04-09
通讯作者:
田国双
基金资助:
XUE Beibei(), TIAN Guoshuang*()
Received:
2020-09-06
Accepted:
2020-10-21
Online:
2021-03-30
Published:
2021-04-09
Contact:
TIAN Guoshuang
摘要:
【目的】研究基于碳汇木材复合经营目标的最优森林管理,为提高森林综合效益提供理论依据。【方法】基于福建顺昌国有林场杉木和桉树经营成本数据,结合生长收获模型和碳储量模型,利用修正的Faustmann-Hartman模型,以社会效用最大的综合效益为决策目标,模拟分析营林成本、碳价格、木材价格和利率变动对杉木、桉树多效益经营下综合效益的影响。【结果】在当前营林成本和经营强度不变的情况下,多效益经营提升了综合效益,说明碳汇经营具有一定的投资效益。在营林成本变动(-40%~40%)范围内,随着营林成本的增加,杉木综合效益从40 402.33元/hm2下降到5 599.02元/hm2,桉树综合效益由51 521.61元/hm2下降到15 530.34元/hm2,两树种轮伐期均延长2 a。碳价格由0上升到500元/t时,杉木综合效益由21 423.52元/hm2上升到34 209.48元/hm2,最优轮伐期均为20 a;桉树综合效益从25 845.13元/hm2上升到92 644.11元/hm2,最优轮伐期由8 a下降至6 a。在木材价格变动(-20%~20%)范围内,随着木材价格的增加,杉木综合效益由4 545.44 元/hm2上升到41 117.14元/hm2,最优轮伐期缩短1 a;桉树综合效益由9 575.92元/hm2上升到56 470.14元/hm2,最优轮伐期缩短3 a;利率从1%上升到7%时,杉木综合效益由383 745.32元/hm2下降到890.14元/hm2,最优轮伐期缩短6 a;桉树综合效益由254 648.72元/hm2下降到16 728.99元/hm2,最优轮伐期缩短1 a。【结论】杉木、桉树的综合效益受碳价格和木材价格正向调节,受利率和营林成本的负向调节;杉木、桉树的综合效益对不同经济因素敏感性大小和顺序不同;在森林综合效益方面,桉树大于杉木,而在应对气候变化方面,杉木响应优于桉树。
中图分类号:
薛蓓蓓,田国双. 基于碳汇木材复合经营目标的综合效益及影响因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(2): 205-212.
XUE Beibei, TIAN Guoshuang. Analysis of comprehensive benefits and influencing factors based on the combined economic value of carbon sequestration and timber benefits[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(2): 205-212.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202009015.
表2
单位面积经营成本投入"
树种 tree species | 营林成本/(元·hm-2) afforestation cost | 采伐运输成本/ (元·m-3) cutting and transportation cost | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1年 the first year | 第2年 the second year | 第3年 the third year | 第4年 the fourth year | 小计 subtotal | ||
杉木Chinese fir | 16 465.35 | 4 537.45 | 4 475.70 | 3 215.45 | 28 693.95 | 351.25 |
桉树eucalyptus | 7 537.50 | 3 485.29 | 2 985.50 | — | 14 008.29 | 226.17 |
表3
单位面积杉木、桉树人工林的经济效益"
林龄/a tree age | 碳储量/(t·hm-2) carbon storage | 木材效益/(元·hm-2) timber benefits | 碳汇效益/(元·hm-2) carbon squestration benefits | 综合效益/(元·hm-2) comprehensive benefits | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | |
6 | 4.32 | 56.72 | -79 860.39 | 23 797.75 | 524.62 | 6 889.64 | -79 335.77 | 30 687.39 |
7 | 6.53 | 63.87 | -59 815.51 | 25 633.53 | 662.15 | 6 477.74 | -59 153.36 | 32 111.27 |
8 | 9.17 | 70.17 | -43 439.99 | 25 845.13 | 792.20 | 6 064.28 | -42 647.79 | 31 909.41 |
9 | 12.17 | 75.70 | -29 860.90 | 25 100.59 | 910.39 | 5 661.29 | -28 950.51 | 30 761.88 |
10 | 15.48 | 80.53 | -18 557.21 | 23 796.21 | 1 014.04 | 5 275.54 | -17 543.17 | 29 071.75 |
11 | 19.01 | 84.72 | -9 178.28 | 22 176.33 | 1 101.80 | 4 910.65 | -8 076.48 | 27 086.98 |
12 | 22.70 | 88.37 | -1 461.07 | 20 395.24 | 1 173.36 | 4 568.26 | -287.71 | 24 963.50 |
13 | 26.48 | 91.53 | 4 808.86 | 18 551.62 | 1 229.14 | 4 248.75 | 6 038.00 | 22 800.37 |
14 | 30.29 | 94.26 | 9 816.04 | 16 708.68 | 1 270.06 | 3 951.73 | 11 086.00 | 20 660.41 |
15 | 34.10 | 96.62 | 13 723.94 | 14 906.47 | 1 297.33 | 3 676.35 | 15 021.27 | 18 582.82 |
16 | 37.84 | 98.66 | 16 679.34 | 13 169.75 | 1 312.36 | 3 421.48 | 17 991.70 | 16 591.23 |
17 | 41.50 | 100.42 | 18 814.41 | 11 512.99 | 1 316.58 | 3 185.87 | 20 130.99 | 14 698.86 |
18 | 45.04 | 101.94 | 20 247.94 | 9 943.81 | 1 311.46 | 2 968.21 | 21 559.40 | 12 912.02 |
19 | 48.44 | 103.25 | 21 086.16 | 8 465.20 | 1 298.37 | 2 767.18 | 22 384.53 | 11 232.38 |
20 | 51.69 | 104.37 | 21 423.52 | 7 077.09 | 1 278.59 | 2 581.52 | 22 702.11 | 9 658.61 |
21 | 54.78 | 105.34 | 21 343.41 | 5 777.41 | 1 253.34 | 2 410.01 | 22 596.75 | 8 187.42 |
22 | 57.70 | 106.17 | 20 919.00 | 4 562.82 | 1 223.67 | 2 251.50 | 22 142.67 | 6 814.32 |
图1
营林成本对杉木和桉树经济效益及最优轮伐期的影响 AM.桉树木材效益eucalyptus timber benefits;AC.桉树碳汇效益 eucalyptus carbon sequestration benefits;AZ.桉树综合效益eucalyptus comprehensive benefits; SM.杉木木材效益Chinese fir timber benefits; SC.杉木碳汇效益Chinese fir carbon sequestration benefits; SZ.杉木综合效益Chinese fir comprehensive benefits。下同。The same below."
表4
碳价格对杉木、桉树经济效益和最优轮伐期的影响"
碳价格/(元·t-1) carbon price | 木材效益/(元·hm-2) timber benefits | 碳汇效益/(元·hm-2) carbon sequestration benefits | 综合效益/(元·hm-2) comprehensive benefits | 最优轮伐期/a optimal rotation age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | |
0 | 21 423.52 | 25 845.13 | 0 | 0 | 21 423.52 | 25 845.13 | 20 | 8 |
50 | 21 423.52 | 25 633.53 | 1 278.60 | 6 477.74 | 22 702.11 | 32 111.27 | 20 | 7 |
100 | 21 423.52 | 25 633.53 | 2 557.19 | 12 955.48 | 23 980.71 | 38 589.01 | 20 | 7 |
200 | 21 423.52 | 25 633.53 | 5 114.38 | 25 910.96 | 26 537.90 | 51 544.49 | 20 | 7 |
300 | 21 423.52 | 23 797.75 | 7 671.58 | 41 337.82 | 29 095.10 | 65 135.57 | 20 | 6 |
400 | 21 423.52 | 23 797.75 | 10 228.77 | 55 117.09 | 31 652.29 | 78 914.84 | 20 | 6 |
500 | 21 423.52 | 23 797.75 | 12 785.96 | 68 846.36 | 34 209.48 | 92 644.11 | 20 | 6 |
表5
木材价格对杉木、桉树经济效益和最优轮伐期的影响"
木材价格/ (元·m-3) timber price | 木材效益/(元·hm-2) timber benefits | 碳汇效益/(元·hm-2) carbon squestration benefits | 综合效益/(元·hm-2) comprehensive benefit | 最优轮伐期/a optimal rotation age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | 杉木 Chinese fir | 桉树 eucalyptus | |
20 | 39 838.54 | 49 580.50 | 1 278.60 | 6 889.64 | 41 117.14 | 56 470.14 | 20 | 6 |
10 | 30 631.03 | 37 754.19 | 1 278.60 | 6 477.74 | 31 909.63 | 44 231.93 | 20 | 7 |
0 | 21 423.52 | 25 845.13 | 1 278.60 | 6 477.74 | 22 702.11 | 32 111.27 | 20 | 7 |
-10 | 12 317.75 | 14 498.09 | 1 253.34 | 6 064.29 | 13 571.09 | 20 562.37 | 21 | 8 |
-20 | 3 292.09 | 3 914.64 | 1 253.34 | 5 661.29 | 4 545.44 | 9 575.92 | 21 | 9 |
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