常见园林植物对NO2胁迫的耐受性及吸收与恢复能力

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202010051

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 127-134.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202010051

常见园林植物对NO₂胁迫的耐受性及吸收与恢复能力

圣倩倩¹(), 戴安琪¹, 张慧会¹, 徐晶圆¹, 祝遵凌¹^,²^,^*()

1.南京林业大学风景园林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学艺术设计学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-10-30 接受日期:2021-06-23 出版日期:2022-03-30 发布日期:2022-04-08
通讯作者: 祝遵凌
基金资助:
江苏省博士后科研资助计划(2021K377C);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M691602);国家自然科学青年科学基金项目(32101582);江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20210613);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(21KJB220008);南京市园林绿化行业科技项目(YLKJ202011ZD)

Effects of common garden plants on tolerance, absorption and recovery abilities to NO₂ stress

SHENG Qianqian¹(), DAI Anqi¹, ZHANG Huihui¹, XU Jingyuan¹, ZHU Zunling¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-10-30 Accepted:2021-06-23 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: ZHU Zunling

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】以城市道路绿化实际应用为依据,研究江苏省境内常见的园林植物对NO₂胁迫的耐受性及吸收能力和恢复能力。【方法】采用实验室人工熏气方法,分析江苏省常见的38种园林植物对NO₂的耐受性及吸收与恢复能力,筛选耐受性强、吸收能力强和恢复能力强的植物种类。【结果】对NO₂耐受性强且吸收能力强或较强的植物有熊掌木(×Fatshedera lizei)、龟甲冬青(Ilex crenata var. convexa)、木姜子(Litsea pungens)、常春藤(Hedera nepalensis)、金边黄杨(Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’)、小叶黄杨(Buxus sinica var. parvifolia)、大吴风草(Farfugium japonicum);对NO₂耐受性强且恢复能力强或较强的植物包括普陀鹅耳枥(Carpinus putoensis)、熊掌木、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、龟甲冬青、瓜子黄杨(Buxus sinica)、木姜子、金叶银杏(Ginkgo biloba ‘Wannianjin’)、金边黄杨、矮麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’)和金边玉簪(Hosta ‘Green Gold’)等19个种;吸收能力和恢复能力均强或较强水平的植物有茶梅(Camellia sasanqua)、金边黄杨、常春藤、花叶蔓长春(Vinca major ‘Variegata’)、小叶黄杨、大吴风草和鸢尾(Iris tectorum)等;对NO₂耐受且吸收能力和恢复能力均强或较强的植物有金边黄杨、常春藤、木姜子、熊掌木、龟甲冬青、小叶黄杨和大吴风草。【结论】在分析近6年南京市城区道路NO₂等污染物基础上,认为 NO₂是南京道路交通区域主要污染物。本研究筛选出对NO₂耐受性、吸收和恢复能力强的植物种类补充和完善了传统文献中抗NO₂胁迫的园林植物名录,可为NO₂污染区及潜在污染区道路绿化树种的选择和配置提供一定的理论依据。

关键词: 园林植物, NO₂耐受性, 吸收能力, 恢复能力, 城市道路绿化

Abstract:

【Objective】Garden plants, which can absorb and purify air pollutants, play an important role in the construction of urban ecological environments. Based on the practical application of urban road greening, we selected common garden plants in Jiangsu Province to study their tolerance, absorption, and recovery abilities under NO₂ stress. 【Method】We studied the tolerance, absorption, and recovery abilities of 38 garden plants to NO₂ stress using artificial fumigation in the laboratory and screened the plants with strong tolerance, absorption, and recovery abilities. 【Result】 Plants with strong NO₂ tolerance and strong absorption and recovering abilities included × Fatshedera lizei, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Litsea pungens, Hedera helix, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia. Plants with strong NO₂ resistance and strong recovering abilities included Carpinus putoensis, × Fatshedera lizei, Pittosporum tobira, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Buxus sinica, Litsea pungens, Ginkgo biloba ‘Wannianjin’, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’, Hosta ‘Green Gold’, and another 19 species. Plants with the strong absorptive capacities and recovery abilities are Camellia sasanqua, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Hedera helix, Vinca major ‘Variegata’, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia, Farfugium japonicum, and Iris tectorum. Plants with the strong NO₂ tolerance, strong absorption, and recovery abilities are Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Hedera helix, Litsea pungens, × Fatshedera lizei, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia, and Farfugium japonicum. 【Conclusion】Based on the analysis of NO₂ and other pollutants in urban roads in Nanjing over the last six years, it is considered that NO₂ is the main pollutant of urban road traffic. The selected plant species with strong tolerance, absorption capacities, and recovery capacities can supplement and improve the NO₂-resistant garden plant list in the traditional literature, providing a theoretical basis for the selection and allocation of road greening tree species in NO₂ polluted areas and potentially polluted areas.

Key words: garden plant, NO₂ tolerance, absorption ability, recovery ability, urban road greening

中图分类号:

S687.9

圣倩倩,戴安琪,张慧会,等. 常见园林植物对NO₂胁迫的耐受性及吸收与恢复能力[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 127-134.

SHENG Qianqian, DAI Anqi, ZHANG Huihui, XU Jingyuan, ZHU Zunling. Effects of common garden plants on tolerance, absorption and recovery abilities to NO₂ stress[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(2): 127-134.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202010051.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

木本植物和草本植物的NO2耐受性等级"

木本植物 xylophyta	耐受性/ h resistance	耐受性等级 level	木本植物 xylophyta	耐受性/ h resistance	耐受性等级 level	草本植物 herbaceous	耐受性/ h resistance	耐受性等级 level
彩叶杞柳 Salix integra ‘Hakuro Nishiki’	4	弱	普陀鹅耳枥Carpinus putoensis	48	较强	花叶美人蕉Canna indica	4	弱
洒金桃叶珊瑚 Aucuba japonica var. variegata	4	弱	熊掌木 × Fatshedera lizei	48	较强	鸢尾Iris tectorum	10	较弱
红王子锦带 Weigela florida ‘Red Prince’	4	弱	海桐Pittosporum tobira	48	较强	金边麦冬 Liriope spicata var. variegata	36	中等
花叶蔓长春 Vinca major‘Variegata’	4	弱	龟甲冬青 Ilex crenata var. convexa	48	较强	大吴风草Farfugium japonicum	48	较强
云南黄素馨Jasminum mesnyi	5	弱	瓜子黄杨Buxus sinica	48	较强	万年青Rohdea japonica	48	较强
南天竹Nandina domestica	5	弱	红花檵木 Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum	48	较强	金边玉簪Hosta ‘Green Gold’	48	较强
铺地柏Juniperus procumbens	5	弱	木姜子Litsea pungens	72	强	金边菖蒲Acorus calamus	48	较强
金森女贞 Ligustrum japonicum var. howardii	5	弱	金叶银杏G. biloba‘Wannianjin’	72	强	矮麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus	72	强
珊瑚树Viburnum odoratissimum	8	较弱	金边黄杨 Euonymus japonicus‘Aurea-marginatus’	72	强
毛鹃Rhododendron× pulchrum	8	较弱	欧洲鹅耳枥Carpinus betulus	72	强
茶梅Camellia sasanqua	8	较弱	银杏Ginkgo biloba	72	强
六月雪Serissa japonica	9	较弱	波叶金桂 Osmanthus fragrans ‘Boye Jingui’	72	强
小叶栀子Gardenia jasminoides	24	中等	小叶黄杨Buxus sinica var. parvifolia	72	强
八仙花Hydrangea macrophylla	36	中等	常春藤 Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis	72	强
夏蜡梅Calycanthus chinensis	36	中等	狭叶十大功劳Mahonia fortunei	72	强

表2

表3

38种园林植物对NO2胁迫的吸收能力和恢复能力等级"

种类 type	种 spiece	N含量/(mg·m^-3)			吸收能力/倍 absorptive capacity	吸收能力等级 level of absorptive capacity	恢复能力/倍 recovery capacity	恢复能力等级 level of recovery capacity
种类 type	种 spiece	熏气零点 fumigation zero point	熏气72 h after fumigation 72 h	恢复后 after recovery	吸收能力/倍 absorptive capacity	吸收能力等级 level of absorptive capacity	恢复能力/倍 recovery capacity	恢复能力等级 level of recovery capacity
木本植物 xylophyta	铺地柏	1.12	0.00	0.28	-1.00	弱	0.12	较强
	南天竹	1.68	0.56	0.28	-0.67	弱	0.14	较强
	狭叶十大功劳	1.40	0.70	0.98	-0.50	较弱	-0.21	较强
	银杏	1.68	1.12	1.56	-0.33	较弱	0.29	较强
	六月雪	1.40	0.84	1.28	-0.40	较弱	-1.00	中等
	欧洲鹅耳枥	1.40	1.12	1.27	-0.20	中等	-0.14	较强
	小叶栀子	1.40	1.12	1.27	-0.20	中等	0.01	较强
	云南黄素馨	1.12	0.84	1.02	-0.25	中等	0.00	较强
	毛鹃	0.84	0.56	1.68	-0.33	中等	-0.34	较强
	普陀鹅耳枥	1.12	0.98	1.05	-0.13	中等	0.12	较强
	红王子锦带	1.40	1.26	1.34	-0.10	中等	1.00	强
	波叶金桂	0.42	0.42	1.68	0.00	中等	0.06	较强
	红花檵木	0.84	0.84	0.70	0.00	中等	-1.00	中等
	洒金桃叶珊瑚	0.84	0.84	0.28	0.00	中等	-3.00	较弱
	瓜子黄杨	1.12	1.12	0.98	0.00	中等	0.19	较强
	夏蜡梅	1.12	1.12	1.13	0.00	中等	-0.15	较强
	金叶银杏	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.00	中等	-0.20	较强
	金森女贞	1.12	1.23	1.02	0.10	中等	0.07	较强
	海桐	0.70	0.84	0.98	0.20	中等	0.14	较强
	八仙花	1.12	1.34	1.34	0.20	中等	-5.00	弱
	彩叶杞柳	0.56	0.84	0.73	0.50	中等	0.75	强
	茶梅	0.42	0.84	0.98	1.00	较强	0.32	较强
	金边黄杨	0.14	0.70	0.84	4.00	较强	0.34	较强
	常春藤	0.28	0.84	0.56	2.00	较强	0.00	较强
	花叶蔓长春	0.56	1.12	0.98	1.00	较强	0.33	较强
	木姜子	0.56	1.26	0.94	1.25	较强	-0.12	较强
	熊掌木	0.84	1.68	0.28	1.00	较强	0.07	较强
	龟甲冬青	1.40	2.24	1.76	0.60	较强	-0.33	较强
	小叶黄杨	0.28	1.40	0.70	4.00	强	0.18	较强
	珊瑚树	0.42	1.68	0.42	3.00	强	-0.14	较强
草本植物 herbage	金边麦冬	1.36	0.56	0.42	-0.59	较弱	-2.00	较弱
	金边菖蒲	1.40	0.84	1.24	-0.40	较弱	0.00	较强
	花叶美人蕉	1.68	1.40	1.50	-0.17	中等	-1.00	中等
	万年青	1.10	0.87	1.07	-0.21	中等	-0.27	较强
	金边玉簪	1.40	1.68	1.50	0.20	中等	0.28	较强
	矮麦冬	0.28	0.56	0.84	1.00	中等	0.67	强
	大吴风草	0.28	0.84	0.84	2.00	较强	0.17	较强
	鸢尾	0.28	1.12	0.56	3.00	较强	-0.50	较强

表3

表4

表5

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叶片伤害情况 leaf damage rate	耐持续熏气时间/h resistance to continuous fumigation time	耐受性等级 tolerance level
无可见伤害或伤害极轻微tolerance grade no observable injury or minor injury grade	72	强
伤害叶数damage leaf number <25%,伤害面积damage area <20%	48	较强
伤害叶数damage leaf number <50%,伤害面积damage area <50%	24~36	中等
伤害叶数damage leaf number <75%,伤害面积damage area <70%	8~10	较弱
叶普遍受伤害,大块黄褐斑,甚至叶片脱落common leaf damage, large melasma, even leaf loss	4~5	弱

指标 index	变异来源 source of variation	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	P
吸收能力 absorption capacity	处理间	145.912 3	37	3.943 6	144.500 0	0.000 1
	处理内	2.074 1	76	0.027 3
	总变异	147.986 4	113
恢复能力 recovery capacity	处理间	105.637 4	37	2.855 1	651.899 0	0.000 1
	处理内	0.332 9	76	0.004 4
	总变异	105.970 3	113

指标 index	NO₂耐受性 tolerance to NO₂	吸收性 absorption capacity	恢复能力 recovery capacity
NO₂耐受性tolerance to NO₂	1	0.16	0.38^*
吸收能力absorption capacity	0.16	1	0.08
恢复能力recovery capacity	0.38^*	0.08	1