南京地区美洲黑杨雌、雄花芽分化的解剖学研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011019

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 197-202.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011019

南京地区美洲黑杨雌、雄花芽分化的解剖学研究

陆静(), 陈文文, 吴怀通, 陈赢男^*()

南京林业大学林木遗传与生物技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-11-09 接受日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2022-01-30 发布日期:2022-02-09
通讯作者: 陈赢男
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32071795);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area

LU Jing(), CHEN Wenwen, WU Huaitong, CHEN Yingnan^*()

Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-11-09 Accepted:2021-01-12 Online:2022-01-30 Published:2022-02-09
Contact: CHEN Yingnan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究多年生木本植物花芽分化进程和特点,揭示树木成花分子调控机制。【方法】分别以南京地区成年美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)雌株和雄株为材料,详细记录其花芽发育的完整过程,并采用石蜡切片技术对雌、雄花芽发育各阶段进行解剖观察。【结果】在南京地区,每年5月底至6月初成年美洲黑杨的当年花枝上形成肉眼可见的花芽。随后的花芽分化过程可以分为5个阶段:苞片分化期(6月中旬之前)、小花原基起始期(6月中旬至7月中旬)、雌蕊/雄蕊分化期(7月中旬至11月)、休眠期(12月至翌年1月)和雌/雄配子体形成期(翌年2—3月),最终在早春形成单性花。【结论】美洲黑杨雌、雄花均为Ⅱ型单性花,即某一性别花中不存在相反性别花器官的残留。在整个花芽发育过程中,雄花芽较雌花芽大而饱满,雌、雄花芽鳞片外观嫩绿、质地坚硬,花芽长度生长趋势呈“S”形曲线。研究结果可为进一步深入研究杨树花器官发育及性别分化的分子机制提供必要的前提和基础。

关键词: 美洲黑杨, 雌雄异株, 花芽发育, 解剖观察

Abstract:

【Objective】 Characterizing floral bud development in perennial woody plants is critical for revealing the molecular regulatory mechanisms of flowering in trees. 【Method】 In this study, morphological changes in floral buds were investigated in male and female Populus deltoides. Anatomical structures were observed in paraffin sections. 【Result】 In Nanjing area, floral buds begin to appear on the floral branches from late May to early June each year. The developmental process can be divided into five stages: bract differentiation (before mid-June), floret primordium initiation (from mid-June to mid-July), gynoecium/androecium differentiation (from mid-July to November), dormancy (from December to January of the following year), and male/female gametophyte development (from February to March). Finally, the differentiation of unisexual flowers occurred in early spring. 【Conclusion】 Both male and female flowers of P. deltoides belong to the type Ⅱ unisexual flower, which exhibits no rudiments of the opposite sex. During the entire developmental period, both the bud scales of male and female flowers remained green and rigid, though the male floral buds were larger and plumper than those of females. The growth curve of floral buds exhibited a sigmoid shape. The results obtained in this study provide a necessary foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying floral organogenesis and sex determination in poplar.

Key words: Populus deltoides, dioecy, floral bud development, anatomical observation

中图分类号:

S722

陆静,陈文文,吴怀通,等. 南京地区美洲黑杨雌、雄花芽分化的解剖学研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(1): 197-202.

LU Jing, CHEN Wenwen, WU Huaitong, CHEN Yingnan. Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(1): 197-202.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011019.

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采样时间 sampling time	样品编号 sample No.	采样时间 sampling time	样品编号 sample No.	采样时间 sampling time	样品编号 sample No.
2018-06-03	T1	2018-08-19	T6	2018-11-12	T11
2018-06-18	T2	2018-09-04	T7	2018-12-12	T12
2018-07-04	T3	2018-09-21	T8	2019-01-12	T13
2018-07-18	T4	2018-10-09	T9	2019-02-20	T14
2018-08-05	T5	2018-10-24	T10	2019-03-20	T15

花芽分化阶段 stage of floral bud differentiation	划分依据 classification criteria	采样时期 sampling time
花芽分化阶段 stage of floral bud differentiation	划分依据 classification criteria	雌花芽 female floral bud(♀)	雄花芽 male floral bud(♂)
苞片分化期bract differentiation(Stage Ⅰ)	花芽顶端趋于平坦、侧面分化形成苞片	T1、T2	T1
小花原基起始期 floret primordium initiation(Stage Ⅱ)	苞片腋部细胞逐渐分化形成小花原基	T3、T4	T2
雌蕊/雄蕊分化期 gynoecium/androecium differentiation(Stage Ⅲ)	雌株形成完整雌蕊;雄株形成蝶形花粉囊	T5—T11	T3—T11
休眠期dormancy(Stage Ⅳ)	雌/雄蕊发育停滞	T12—T14	T12—T14
雌/雄配子体形成期 male/female gametophyte development(Stage Ⅴ)	雌株形成胚囊;雄株形成花粉粒	T15	T15

南京地区美洲黑杨雌、雄花芽分化的解剖学研究

Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area

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