【目的】对22个山核桃优株果实的主要经济性状和主要营养成分含量进行比较,筛选出优良的山核桃优株,为山核桃良种选育与开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】以安徽宁国和大别山地区22株山核桃优株果实为实验材料,研究其7个主要经济性状和6个主要营养成分含量的差异性,并进行聚类分析。【结果】22个优株青果的单果质量、坚果鲜质量、坚果干质量、干仁单仁质量、鲜出籽率、干出籽率、干出仁率差异均达到极显著水平,胡乐1号青果单果质量最高,而金寨18号坚果干质量最大;22个优株种仁粗脂肪、蛋白质、主要脂肪酸含量均表现出极显著统计学意义。相关性分析表明,青果单果质量与坚果鲜质量、坚果干质量、干仁单仁质量及干出仁率呈极显著正相关;粗脂肪含量与油酸含量呈极显著正相关,与亚油酸含量呈显著负相关。主成分分析可知,影响山核桃果实品质的主要性状是坚果鲜质量、坚果干质量和油酸含量,集中反映了果实的经济性状和种仁的品质特征。通过聚类分析将22个优株分为5类:胡乐1号、果子园1号、果子园3号3个优株单独各聚为一类,其余的宁国山核桃优株为一类,大别山山核桃优株为一类。【结论】从分类学看,安徽宁国地区山核桃和大别山地区山核桃之间存在差异。坚果鲜质量、坚果干质量和油酸含量是山核桃优良品种筛选的重要指标;两地山核桃的主要经济性状和营养成分含量差异显著,遗传资源丰富,应深入研究和利用。

【Objective】 In this study, the main economic characteristics and contents of the main nutrients of fruit from 22 fine trees of Carya cathayensis were compared and a correlation analysis was made on the above indicators in order to provide a scientific basis of purposeful fine seed breeding as well as its development and utilization. 【Method】 Seven main economic characteristics and the contents of six main nutrients of fruit from 22 fine trees of C. cathayensis were compared and analyzed and a correlation analysis was made on the above indicators. 【Result】 There were highly significant differences in the fresh fruit masses, the nut masses, the dry nut masses, the dry masses, the fresh seed rate, the dry seed rate and the dry kernel rate. Of all these fine trees, there were highly significant differences in the contents of crude fat, protein and the main fatty acid. According to the results of correlation analysis, the fresh fruit masses had an extremely significant positive correlation with the nut masses, the dry nut masses, the dry masses and the dry kernel rate. The contents of the crude fat had a significant positive correlation with the oleic acid content and a significant negative correlation with the linoleic acid. The result of the principal component analysis demonstrates the nut masses, the dry nut masses and the oleic acid content. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the 22 fine trees were divided into five groups including Hule No. 1 tree, Guoziyuan No. 1 tree and Guoziyuan No. 3 tree, which were individually clustered into one type; other excellent samples of C. cathayensis and C. dabieshanensis were also classified as one type. 【Conclusion】 The nut mass, dry nut mass and oleic acid content were very important for providing a scientific basis for fine seed breeding as genetic resources were very abundant in all these fine trees and there were highly significant differences in their economic characteristics and nutrients as well as their development and utilization. According to the results of cluster analysis, there are differences between C. cathayensis from Ningguo City and C. dabieshanensis from Dabieshan Mountain.