【目的】植物色彩是园林植物景观的重要观赏特征之一,在园林植物景观设计中,植物色彩设计日渐成为重要设计内容之一。通过更加合理的植物色彩搭配来提高植物景观的观赏性,已成为营造高质量植物景观的有效措施,是丰富园林景观的关键途径。【方法】以杭州西湖风景名胜区的园林植物为研究对象,结合实地调查和GIS技术构建了包含植物个体色彩和个体空间定位信息的风景园林信息模型(LIM)。进一步运用缓冲区分析、优化热点分析、PCA 分析、t检验等方法分析不同色彩植物在曲院风荷的季相变化、空间分布和色彩组合规律。【结果】曲院风荷公园除绿色本底外,红色为春季乔木层应用面积最大的色彩,粉色为灌木层应用面积最大的色彩;黄色为秋季应用面积最大的色彩。春季色彩的种类最丰富;而秋季色彩组合形式最多样。不同功能区表现出了不同的植物色彩配置模式。人类活动较为频繁的功能区,色彩配置的季相变化存在一定区别。以观景为主的观赏游览区,在乔木层的色彩配置较为丰富;而以游客互动为主的休闲活动区,灌木层的色彩种类及季相变化最为丰富。面积会影响乔木的色彩组成比例,面积越大,彩色乔木的比例越高;但是对于色彩更为丰富的灌草层,面积的作用很小。【结论】植物色彩的应用面积、色彩的组成结构和空间分布均会随植物季相的变化而发生改变。本研究通过实地调查和GIS平台构建了一个较为简化的LIM模型,可以较好地满足特定的园林植物景观的研究和分析,快速有效地归纳出植物配置规律和空间特征。

【Objective】 The plant color, an ornamental feature, is a crucial aspect in the design of garden plant landscapes. Improving the ornamental nature of the plant landscape through a proper combination of plant colors has become not only an effective approach in creating high-quality plant landscapes but also an integral way to enrich the garden landscape. 【Method】 This paper studied garden plants in the Hangzhou West Lake scenic area and combines the field survey and GIS technology to construct a landscape garden information model (LIM) containing individual plant colors and spatial positioning information. Furthermore, methods including a buffer zone analysis, an optimization hotspot analysis, a PCA analysis, and t-tests were used to analyze the seasonal changes, spatial distribution and plant color combination patterns of different color plants in Quyuanfenghe Park. 【Result】 Besides the green background of the park, the red color covered the largest area in the tree layer in spring, the pink covered the largest area in the shrub layer, and yellow covered the largest area in autumn. Spring possessed the widest range of colors, while autumn possessed the most diverse color combinations. Different functional areas showed different plant color configurations and those with frequent human activities differed with the seasonal changes in color configurations. Tour areas which focused on sight viewing had a richer color configuration in the tree layer, while recreational areas focusing on visitor interaction had the richest color variety and seasonal variations in the shrub layer. Areas affected the proportion of the color composition of trees: larger areas had a higher proportion of colored trees; however, it played a small role in the more colorful scrub layer. 【Conclusion】 The applied area, color structure and spatial distribution of plant color changed with plant seasonal changes. In this study, a simplified LIM model was constructed through field surveys and the GIS platform to meet the research and analysis needs of specific garden plant landscapes to quickly and effectively summarize the plant configuration patterns and spatial characteristics.