基于GEE平台的国家公园土地覆盖变化遥感检测方法构建

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202101013

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 213-220.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202101013

基于GEE平台的国家公园土地覆盖变化遥感检测方法构建

毛丽君¹^,²(), 李海涛³, 薛晓明², 李建伟⁴^,^*(), 李明诗¹^,⁵

1.南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.南京森林警察学院刑事科学技术学院,野生动植物物证技术国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江苏南京 210023
3.临沂市城市管理综合服务中心,山东临沂 276000
4.云南省林业调查规划院大理分院,云南大理 671000
5.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2021-01-08 接受日期:2021-04-18 出版日期:2022-03-30 发布日期:2022-04-08
通讯作者: 李建伟
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(LGYB201704);国家自然科学基金项目(31971577);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20181338);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队项目(2019-29)

Developing remote sensing based methods for land cover change detection in national parks from GEE platform: a case study from the Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot area

MAO Lijun¹^,²(), LI Haitao³, XUE Xiaoming², LI Jianwei⁴^,^*(), LI Mingshi¹^,⁵

1. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Criminal Science and Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College; Key Laboratory of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wildlife Evidence Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Linyi City Management Comprehensive Service Center, Linyi 276000, China
4. Dali Branch of Yunnan Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Dali 671000, China
5. College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2021-01-08 Accepted:2021-04-18 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: LI Jianwei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】高效、可靠地提取土地覆盖动态变化信息对于国家公园保护与管理方案制定具有基础性数据支撑作用。本研究主要目的是构建经济高效的遥感监测方法,提取钱江源国家公园体制试点区2001—2017年的土地覆盖变化信息,评估国家公园保护与管理活动的有效性。【方法】首先定义研究区的土地覆盖分类体系(耕地、森林、草地、水体、人造地表和裸地),并利用增强型目视解译方法选取历史训练样本点;其次综合Landsat多季节复合数据的光谱波段、光谱指数、纹理特征和地形特征,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台执行随机森林分类算法,生成土地覆盖数据集;最后建立土地覆盖转换规则从而识别主要的土地覆盖变化类型及其空间分布模式。【结果】独立样本集验证结果表明,钱江源国家公园2001年、2009年和2017年土地覆盖总体分类精度分别为83.12%、81.82%和87.35%。造林活动、耕地废弃和开发建设的变化信息体现出保护管理工作取得显著成效。【结论】增强型目视解译能够高效、可靠地选取历史训练样本点,从而支持历史土地覆盖数据集构建。采用基于云计算的变化检测技术可快速评估国家公园管理措施的有效性并发现生态脆弱地带,具有高效、经济及计算资源限制性少等优势,可广泛推广应用。

关键词: 钱江源国家公园, 土地覆盖变化, 遥感监测, Google Earth Engine(GEE), 增强型目视解译

Abstract:

【Objective】Efficient and reliable extraction of land cover change information plays an important role in formulating management and protection plans for national parks. The primary objective of the current work was to develop an efficient and economical remote sensing detection method to extract land cover change information in the Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot area from 2001 to 2017, and to assess the effectiveness of the adopted protection and management measures. 【Method】A land cover classification scheme, including cropland, forest, grassland, water, artificial surface, and bare land, was first defined, followed by the selection of the historical training dataset using an enhanced visual interpretation method. Next, the original spectral bands, spectral indices, and textural features derived from Landsat multi-season composite data and terrain features were incorporated as input variables for implementing the random forest classification algorithm in the Google Earth Engine (GEE)cloud platform to generate land cover datasets. Finally, the major land cover conversion types and their spatial distributions were mapped by establishing land cover conversion rules. 【Result】The validation results derived from an independent sample set indicated that the overall accuracies for the 2001, 2009 and 2017 classifications were 83.12%, 81.82% and 87.35%, respectively. Afforestation activities, cropland abandonment, and distributions of development and construction projects demonstrated the effectiveness of the protection and management measures adopted in this park. 【Conclusion】The enhanced visual interpretation process helps to identify historical sample points efficiently and reliably to support the creation of historical land cover datasets. With cloud computing-based change detection technology, it is possible to quickly assess the protection and management efficacy and locate ecologically vulnerable zones. Moreover, the method has the advantages of high efficiency, economy, and fewer limitations on computing resources; thus, the GEE-based land cover change detection method proposed in the current work is suitable for an application in other similar scenarios.

Key words: Qianjiangyuan National Park, land cover change, remote sensing monitoring, Google Earth Engine(GEE), enhanced visual interpretation

中图分类号:

TP79

毛丽君,李海涛,薛晓明,等. 基于GEE平台的国家公园土地覆盖变化遥感检测方法构建[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 213-220.

MAO Lijun, LI Haitao, XUE Xiaoming, LI Jianwei, LI Mingshi. Developing remote sensing based methods for land cover change detection in national parks from GEE platform: a case study from the Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot area[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(2): 213-220.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202101013.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

研究中使用的光谱指数"

光谱指数 spectral index	计算公式 calculation formula	参考文献 reference
NDVI	I_NDVI= $ρ N I R - ρ R e d ρ N I R + ρ R e d$	[23]
EVI	I_EVI=2.5× $ρ N I R - ρ R e d ρ N I R + 6 × ρ R e d - 7.5 × ρ B l u e + 1$	[24]
GNDVI	I_GNDVI= $ρ N I R - ρ G r e e n ρ N I R + ρ G r e e n$	[25]
GLI	I_GLI= $ρ G r e e n - ρ R e d + (ρ G r e e n - ρ B l u e) 2 × ρ G r e e n + ρ R e d + ρ B l u e$	[26]
VARI	I_VARI= $ρ G r e e n - ρ R e d ρ G r e e n + ρ R e d - ρ B l u e$	[27]
GARI	I_GARI= $ρ N I R - [ρ G r e e n - 1.7 × ρ B l u e - ρ R e d] ρ N I R + [ρ G r e e n - 1.7 × ρ B l u e - ρ R e d]$	[28]
MSAVI	I_MSAVI= $2 × ρ N I R + 1 - (2 × ρ N I R + 1) 2 - 8 × (ρ N I R - ρ R e d) 2$	[29]
MNDWI	I_MNDWI= $ρ G r e e n - ρ S W I R ρ G r e e n + ρ S W I R$	[30]

表2

表3

表4

图2

图3

表5

参考文献 35

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年份 year	传感器 sensor	可用图像数量 number of available images
年份 year	传感器 sensor	春季 spring	秋季 autumn	总数 total
2001	Landsat-7 ETM+	4	6	10
2009	Landsat-5 TM	4	4	8
2017	Landsat-8 OLI	5	8	13

类型 type	2001年		2009年		2017年
类型 type	用户精度/% user accuracy	生产者精度/% producer accuracy	用户精度/% user accuracy	生产者精度/% producer accuracy	用户精度/% user accuracy	生产者精度/% producer accuracy
耕地cropland	76.27	94.74	80.00	76.71	77.08	88.10
森林forest	93.38	94.78	90.60	96.43	93.10	96.43
草地grassland	73.33	70.00	74.41	77.55	86.27	91.67
水体water	89.47	78.00	95.24	76.67	89.66	86.47
人造地表artificial surface	70.00	68.00	71.05	75.00	76.32	70.73
裸地bare land	50.00	50.00	75.00	63.08	92.31	73.16
总体精度/% overall accuracy	83.12		81.82		87.35

年份 year	类别 type	古田山国家级自然保护区 Gutianshan National Nature Reserve		钱江源省级风景名胜区 Qianjiangyuan Provincial Scenic Spot		连接地带 connection area		钱江源国家公园 Qianjiangyuan National Park
年份 year	类别 type	面积/hm² area	比例/% proportion	面积/hm² area	比例/% proportion	面积/hm² area	比例/% proportion	面积/hm² area	比例/% proportion
2001—2009	造林活动	609.69	31.42	306.37	15.79	1 024.49	52.79	1 940.55	100.00
2009—2017	造林活动	238.05	22.40	124.61	11.73	699.83	65.87	1 062.49	100.00
2001—2009	耕地废弃	477.84	26.54	273.58	15.20	1 048.95	58.26	1 800.36	100.00
2009—2017	耕地废弃	122.12	21.89	96.78	17.35	339.06	60.77	557.96	100.00

基于GEE平台的国家公园土地覆盖变化遥感检测方法构建

Developing remote sensing based methods for land cover change detection in national parks from GEE platform: a case study from the Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot area

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年份 year	耕地 cropland	森林 forest	草地 grassland	水体 water	人造地表 artificial surface	裸地 bare land
2001	250	338	54	74	88	26
2009	166	339	124	71	92	38
2017	119	333	151	80	96	51