寒冷地区绿化指标对住区室外舒适度的多途径调控分析——以郑州市为例

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102004

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 210-218.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102004

寒冷地区绿化指标对住区室外舒适度的多途径调控分析——以郑州市为例

薛思寒¹^,³(), 马悦¹, 王琨²^,^*()

1.郑州大学建筑学院,河南郑州 450001
2.河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院,河南郑州 450002
3.华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2021-02-01 接受日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2022-01-30 发布日期:2022-02-09
通讯作者: 王琨
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51808503);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(19A560020);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20B560007);河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102310958);华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2982B03)

Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City

XUE Sihan¹^,³(), MA Yue¹, WANG Kun²^,^*()

1. School of Architecture, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Received:2021-02-01 Accepted:2021-04-26 Online:2022-01-30 Published:2022-02-09
Contact: WANG Kun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】城市环境与人群舒适度正逐渐受到关注,高质量的城市住区绿化可以改善微气候,提高空间使用率。本研究旨在探究绿化对人体舒适度影响的潜在机制与调控途径,明晰绿化指标之间的差异,为寒冷地区居住区规划设计提出相应的绿化配置策略。【方法】选取寒冷地区城市郑州的3个典型住区作为研究样本,进行冬季住区微气候实测及舒适度调查,通过回归分析,明确绿视率、植物视图因子两种绿化指标与舒适度的定量关系,厘清绿化对微气候环境舒适度的调控机制,并利用中介效应分析揭示二者作用途径的差异。【结果】回归分析结果表明,绿视率、植物视图因子与舒适度评价呈显著负相关(b=-0.181,P<0.01)、(b=-0.202,P<0.01),且绿化指标对舒适度存在直接和间接两种影响;两种绿化指标与风速呈显著负相关,与其他热环境因子皆显著正相关;舒适度与风速评价呈现显著正相关,与其他热环境因子负相关关系显著。通过中介效应分析表明,绿视率主要通过76.7%的间接影响和23.3%的直接影响共同调控舒适度,植物视图因子则主要通过87.9%的间接影响调控舒适度,直接影响效应不显著。【结论】两种绿化指标是从不同的角度来表征绿化结构,在评价人群与空间偏好的环境绿化设计中宜采用绿视率作为指标,而对于微气候适应性研究则更适合采用植物视图因子。

关键词: 植物视图因子, 绿视率, 回归分析, 中介效应分析, 郑州市

Abstract:

【Objective】 There has been increasing attention on the urban environment and the comfort of urban residents. High-quality urban residential greening can improve the microclimate and increase the utilization rate of space. This study explores the potential mechanism and regulatory approaches of greening on human comfort, clarifies differences between greenery indices, and proposes corresponding greening allocation strategies for residential planning and design in cold regions. 【Method】 The research area selected was the district of Zhengzhou, China. The microclimate of three typical residential areas in winter were measured, and a comfort survey was carried out. Through regression analysis, the quantitative relationship between two greenery indices (i.e., green view index and tree view factor) and comfort was established. This relationship clarifies the regulatory mechanism of greening on the microclimate and environmental comfort, the intermediary effect difference analysis was used to reveal the effect of the two ways. 【Result】 The regression analysis results showed that the green view index and tree view factor were significantly negatively correlated with comfort evaluation (b = -0.181, P < 0.01) and (b = -0.202, P < 0.01); the greenery indices had direct and indirect effects on comfort evaluation. There was a significant negative correlation between the two greenery indices and wind speed, and a significant positive correlation with other thermal environmental factors. Comfort had a significant positive correlation with wind speed evaluation and a significant negative correlation with other thermal environmental factors. Mediating effect analysis showed that the green view index mainly had an indirect effect of 76.7% and a direct effect of 23.3%, while the tree view factor mainly had an indirect effect of 87.9%, and its direct effect was not significant (P = 0.3953). 【Conclusion】 The two types of greenery indices represent greening structures from different perspectives. In the design and evaluation of greening spaces based on population and spatial preferences, the green view factor should be used as an indicator, while the tree view factor is more suitable to study microclimate adaptability.

Key words: tree view factor, green view index, regression analysis, mediating effect analysis, Zhengzhou City

中图分类号:

薛思寒,马悦,王琨. 寒冷地区绿化指标对住区室外舒适度的多途径调控分析——以郑州市为例[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(1): 210-218.

XUE Sihan, MA Yue, WANG Kun. Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(1): 210-218.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102004.

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样本 sample	占地面积/hm² area	容积率/ % plot ratio	建筑密度/% building density	绿地率/% greening rate	绿地布局特征 characteristics of green space layout
样本Ⅰ sample Ⅰ	17.3	2.87	16.9	45.78	分散式布局,宅旁绿地为主,散布于建筑周边
样本Ⅱ sample Ⅱ	35.7	1.66	15.6	43.02	片状集中式布局,成片状布置于住区中心位置
样本Ⅲ sample Ⅲ	5.7	3.13	16.9	28.12	带状集中式布局,南北长,东西窄,呈狭长的带状布局于住区中部

样本 sample	绿地布局 green space layout	样点编号 point	平均绿视率/% average GVI	植物视图因子/% TVF	空间环境特征 basic information of environment
样本Ⅰ sample Ⅰ	分散式 distributed layout	1	33.5	9.5	非树下,有灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
		2	20.0	1.2	非树下,有灌木,水泥砖地面
		3	23.7	3.2	非树下,多乔木(落叶),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		4	33.5	10.8	非树下,有乔木(落叶),多灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
		5	47.6	27.3	非树下,少乔木(落叶),有灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
		6	65.9	14.8	非树下,少乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖地面
样本Ⅱ sample Ⅱ	片状集中式 chipcentralized layout	7	25.8	2.1	非树下,少植物,水泥、草地地面
		8	42.2	36.8	廊道下,有藤蔓,有乔木(常绿),多灌木,水泥砖地面
		9	76.1	81.9	树下,有乔木(常绿松树),有灌木,土壤和石子地面
		10	57.6	11.4	非树下,少灌木,有草地,木质和石子地面
		11	22.5	75.8	树下,多乔木(常绿),水泥砖地面
		12	43.7	44.8	树下,有乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
样本Ⅲ sample Ⅲ	带状集中式 ribbon centralized layout	13	27.5	9.9	非树下,有柳树,有灌木,水泥砖地面和静态水
		14	32.1	5.7	非树下,有乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		15	29.9	12.7	非树下,有乔木(落叶,常绿),少灌木,水泥砖地面
		16	46.5	10.4	非树下,多乔木(常绿),少乔木(落叶),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		17	36.2	9.1	非树下,有乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		18	22.7	5.6	非树下,有假山,有灌木,水泥砖、草地和动态水

模型编号 model No.	指标 index	非标准化系数 UR	标准误差 RMSE	标准化系数 SR	t检验 t test
1a	常量	2.481	0.043		57.983
	绿视率	-0.009	0.001	-0.181	-8.543
1b	常量	2.274	0.021		108.613
	植物视图因子	-0.006	0.001	-0.202	-9.570

模型编号 model No.	绿化指标 greenery index	T_s		T_a		H_R		V_a		PM_2.5
模型编号 model No.	绿化指标 greenery index	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta
2a	绿视率	0.098^***	0.314	0.067^***	0.210	0.219^***	0.202	-0.013^***	-0.171	1.609^***	0.415
2b	植物视图因子	0.036^***	0.182	0.041^***	0.198	0.276^***	0.392	-0.013^***	-0.271	1.456^***	0.581

项目 item	绿视率(模型4a) GVI(model 4a)				植物视图因子(模型4b) TVF(model 4b)
项目 item	直接效应 direct effect	间接效应 indirect effect	总效应 total effect	中介效应占比/% mediate proportion	直接效应 direct effect	间接效应 indirect effect	总效应 total effect	中介效应占比/% mediate proportion
地表温度T_s	-0.003 0	-0.005 7	-0.008 7	66.5	-0.004 4	-0.002 2	-0.006 6	33.3
空气温度T_a	-0.003 3	-0.005 2	-0.008 5	61.2	-0.003 0	-0.003 4	-0.006 4	53.1
风速V_a	-0.005 6	-0.002 9	-0.008 5	34.1	-0.003 3	-0.003 0	-0.006 3	47.6
PM_2.5	-0.003 6	-0.005 0	-0.008 6	58.1	-0.001 7	0.004 9	-0.006 6	74.2
多重中介综合 multiple mediating effects	-0.002 0	-0.006 6	-0.008 6	76.7	-0.000 8	-0.005 8	-0.006 6	87.9

寒冷地区绿化指标对住区室外舒适度的多途径调控分析——以郑州市为例

Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City

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