竹炭添加对大叶榉树容器苗生长和营养状况的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102009

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 111-118.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102009

竹炭添加对大叶榉树容器苗生长和营养状况的影响

刘泽茂¹(), 晏昕², 吴文³, 张于卉³, 喻方圆¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.江苏省高邮市林业技术指导站,江苏高邮 225600
3.上海市林业总站,上海 200040

收稿日期:2021-02-03 接受日期:2021-05-09 出版日期:2022-03-30 发布日期:2022-04-08
通讯作者: 喻方圆
基金资助:
上海市农委资助项目(沪农科推字[2017]第1-7号);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Effects of bamboo charcoal on the growth and nutrient status of Zelkova schneideriana container seedlings

LIU Zemao¹(), YAN Xin², WU Wen³, ZHANG Yuhui³, YU Fangyuan¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Gaoyou Forestry Technical Instructor Station, Gaoyou 225600, China
3. Shanghai Forestry Station, Shanghai 200040, China

Received:2021-02-03 Accepted:2021-05-09 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: YU Fangyuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究在基质中添加竹炭对大叶榉树容器苗生长和营养状况的影响,为确定最适合大叶榉树容器苗生长的竹炭添加量提供理论依据。【方法】以大叶榉树容器幼苗为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置4个竹炭用量水平(添加量分别为0%、1%、3%和5%),试验结束后测定苗木生长和营养状况。【结果】相较于对照,其他3种用量竹炭处理的大叶榉树容器苗苗高、地径、地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量和细根生物量均显著增加。同时,添加竹炭对大叶榉树容器苗地上部分生长的促进作用大于对地下部分的促进作用,这体现在竹炭处理的大叶榉树容器苗根茎比相比对照显著减小。3种用量竹炭处理下,一级侧根数、根系总长、根系表面积、根系体积和细根(直径≤1 mm)长度相较于对照都有显著增加。添加竹炭显著降低了大叶榉树容器苗根系中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量,对可溶性蛋白含量则没有显著影响;同时促进了大叶榉树容器苗根系对于基质中氮元素的吸收,加快了其茎中氮的代谢活动,但对根系和茎中的碳元素含量没有显著性影响。竹炭对大叶榉树容器苗生长的促进和营养状况的改善基本上随着其添加量的提高而增强。综合来看,添加5%竹炭最有利于大叶榉树容器苗的生长,与对照相比,其苗高增加了37.84%,地径增加了17.67%,地上部分生物量增加了69.56%,地下部分生物量增加了63.48%,细根生物量增加了49.17%,细根长度增加了62.38%。【结论】添加竹炭有利于大叶榉树容器苗的生长、根系的建成、根系形态的优化和苗木对基质中氮素的吸收利用。在基质中添加质量分数为5%的竹炭,可以更好地培育优质的大叶榉树容器苗。

关键词: 竹炭, 大叶榉树, 容器苗, 苗木质量, 根系形态, 营养状况

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of bamboo charcoal on the growth and nutrient status of Zelkova schneideriana container seedlings, and to provide a theoretical basis for determining the most suitable amount of bamboo charcoal for the growth of Z. schneideriana container seedlings.【Method】Using Z. schneideriana container seedlings as the research object, a single-factor randomized block test was conducted and four bamboo charcoal concentration levels (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) were used in this experiment. After the test, the seedling growth and nutritional status were measured. Growth indicators included the seedling height, ground diameter, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, total root length, root surface area, total root volume, number of primary lateral roots, and root length of different diameters; nutritional indicators included soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, nitrogen, and carbon content in stems and roots.【Result】Compared to the control, the height, ground diameter, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, and fine root biomass of Z. schneideriana container seedlings under the other three treatments increased significantly. At the same time, the addition of bamboo charcoal promoted the growth of the aboveground parts of Z. schneideriana container seedlings more effectively than the underground part, which was reflected in the decrease in the root-to-shoot ratio. Under the other three treatments, the number of primary lateral roots, total root length, root surface area, root volume, and fine root length (diameter ≤1 mm) increased significantly compared to the control. The addition of bamboo charcoal significantly reduced the content of soluble sugar and starch in root of Z. schneideriana container seedlings, but had no siginificant effect on soluble protein in root. The addition of bamboo charcoal also promoted the absorption of nitrogen in the medium by the roots of Z. schneideriana container seedlings and accelerated the metabolism of nitrogen in the stems, but had no siginificant effect on the carbon content in the root and seem. The growth promotion and nutrient status improvement of Z. schneideriana container seedlings were enhanced by the increase in bamboo charcoal content. Overall, the addition of 5% bamboo charcoal was the most conducive to the growth of Z. schneideriana container seedlings. Compared to the control, its seedling height increased by 37.84%, ground diameter increased by 17.67%, aboveground biomass increased by 69.56%, underground biomass increased by 63.48%, fine root biomass increased by 49.17%, and fine root length had an increase of 62.38%.【Conclusion】The addition of bamboo charcoal was beneficial to the growth, root establishment, root morphology optimization, and nitrogen absorption and utilization in Z. schneideriana container seedlings. When cultivating Z. schneideriana container seedlings, adding 5% bamboo charcoal to the medium could improve the seedling cultivation.

Key words: bamboo charcoal, Zelkova schneideriana, container seeding, seedling quality, root morphology, nutrient status

中图分类号:

S725

刘泽茂,晏昕,吴文,等. 竹炭添加对大叶榉树容器苗生长和营养状况的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 111-118.

LIU Zemao, YAN Xin, WU Wen, ZHANG Yuhui, YU Fangyuan. Effects of bamboo charcoal on the growth and nutrient status of Zelkova schneideriana container seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(2): 111-118.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102009.

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处理 treatment	苗高/cm seedling height	地径/mm ground diameter	高径比 height-to- diameter ratio
CK	61.04±3.71 b	6.96±0.37 b	87.82±3.24 b
T₁	81.04±2.48 a	7.85±0.27 ab	103.24±2.91 a
T₂	74.55±2.93 ab	7.18±0.26 ab	101.13±2.94 a
T₃	84.14±2.31 a	8.19±0.24 a	102.81±2.88 a

处理 treatment	地上部分/g ground zone	地下部分/g underground zone	细根/g fine root	根茎比 root-to-shoot ratio
CK	6.34±0.16 c	4.08±0.57 b	0.48±0.12 c	0.94±0.08 a
T₁	10.22±0.64 ab	5.85±0.61 ab	0.68±0.18 ab	0.56±0.05 b
T₂	9.44±0.18 b	5.43±0.49 ab	0.62±0.16 ab	0.57±0.06 b
T₃	10.75±0.24 a	6.67±0.62 a	0.72±0.09 a	0.62±0.06 b

处理 treatment	一级侧根数 number of primary side roots	根系总长/cm total root system length	根系表面积/ cm² root surface area	根系体积/ cm³ root volume
CK	3.18±0.17 c	245.83±28.64 b	158.84±19.61 b	6.95±0.69 c
T₁	3.83±0.17 bc	287.53±28.81 ab	219.32±15.59 a	11.90±1.06 bc
T₂	4.50±0.22 ab	336.82±28.52 ab	255.41±10.85 a	23.08±3.10 ab
T₃	5.00±0.44 a	367.11±35.62 a	268.78±20.41 a	26.39±7.01 a

根系直径/ mm root diameter	根系长度/cm root system length
根系直径/ mm root diameter	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃
0<D≤0.5	162.43±11.37 d	205.80±19.53 c	236.40±15.28 ab	258.94±13.5 a
0.5<D≤1.0	32.87±6.43 b	45.39±3.62 ab	54.36±4.81 a	58.18±5.35 a
1.0<D≤1.5	22.61±2.73 a	10.91±1.38 b	9.61±2.15 b	15.10±3.26 ab
1.5<D≤2.0	11.28±2.77 a	6.08±0.74 b	7.39±1.21 b	7.76±2.19 b
2.0<D≤2.5	7.24±1.07 ab	5.63±0.64 c	7.46±1.22 ab	8.67±1.53 a
2.5<D≤3.0	3.52±0.31 b	2.35±0.18 b	5.29±0.47 a	6.05±0.58 a
3.0<D≤3.5	3.35±0.18 ab	3.17±0.13 ab	6.73±0.29 a	4.49±0.21 ab
3.5<D≤4.0	1.77±0.08 c	4.62±0.29 b	6.79±0.41 a	2.97±0.23 bc
4.0<D≤4.5	1.32±0.15 c	1.18±0.18 c	3.87±0.27 ab	4.13±0.18 a
D>4.5	7.7±0.88 c	26.92±1.85 a	16.88±1.72 ab	17.28±2.63 ab

处理 treatment	可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content	淀粉含量 starch content	可溶性蛋白含量 soluble protein content
CK	21.68±0.93 a	21.71±1.38 a	1.92±0.07 a
T₁	13.50±0.45 b	10.27±0.65 b	1.36±0.04 a
T₂	7.91±0.57 c	12.99±2.10 b	1.23±0.04 a
T₃	9.29±0.26 c	18.22±0.47 a	1.39±0.05 a

竹炭添加对大叶榉树容器苗生长和营养状况的影响

Effects of bamboo charcoal on the growth and nutrient status of Zelkova schneideriana container seedlings

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部位 part	月份 month	氮含量 nitrogen content				碳含量 carbon content
部位 part	月份 month	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃
茎 stem	7	52.87±2.87 b	60.55±2.04 a	64.65±2.82 a	57.60±2.61 a	706.95±15.86 a	685.69±2.23 a	711.42±11.82 a	667.31±9.74 b
	8	54.69±2.49 a	47.88±2.32 ab	49.65±1.55 ab	42.79±3.62 c	705.63±16.66 a	642.78±13.26 a	653.59±11.78 a	582.46±20.67 a
	9	48.53±1.64 ab	44.93±3.76 c	53.58±1.27 a	44.17±3.32 c	733.58±21.76 a	683.49±17.88 a	723.86±32.39 a	622.67±23.53 a
	10	49.33±3.34 ab	54.76±4.76 a	51.65±1.26 a	49.84±2.77 ab	659.58±19.48 a	632.43±26.72 a	644.78±21.56 a	574.69±11.33 a
	11	67.17±3.24 ab	65.07±2.23 ab	70.68±1.76 a	63.62±1.14 b	602.61±19.19 a	668.78±5.91 a	641.03±25.59 a	659.27±14.65 a
根 root	7	81.50±2.08 b	127.15±4.30 a	132.87±3.01 a	129.07±4.53 a	603.55±7.74 b	647.71±5.91 a	625.38±4.47 ab	611.98±22.67 ab
	8	84.19±3.44 c	102.42±2.87 a	104.58±2.04 a	99.67±1.49 ab	633.65±18.56 a	621.43±15.47 a	594.47±16.55 a	608.39±19.22 a
	9	82.66±2.97 b	86.41±3.26 bc	89.97±4.28 c	80.55±2.05 a	667.21±11.34 a	606.77±10.31 a	574.82±12.56 a	589.52±10.75 a
	10	79.54±3.31 a	72.33±2.05 b	74.28±3.89 b	67.65±4.51 c	643.65±22.47 a	576.43±19.54 a	556.61±21.03 a	591.80±9.46 a
	11	73.97±2.49 a	60.18±0.94 b	62.17±1.56 b	58.08±1.20 c	577.72±9.74 a	501.38±12.63 ab	524.47±14.57 b	522.44±11.74 ab

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