基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络构建

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102017

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 50-56.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102017

基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络构建

费文君(), 赵梦琴

南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2021-02-21 接受日期:2021-09-01 出版日期:2022-05-30 发布日期:2022-06-10
基金资助:
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Construction of Nanjing green infrastructure network based on MSPA

FEI Wenjun(), ZHAO Mengqin

College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2021-02-21 Accepted:2021-09-01 Online:2022-05-30 Published:2022-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对城市建设空间快速扩张、绿色空间破碎化且逐渐丧失问题,探寻优化城市绿色基础设施体系的有效方法,为市域尺度绿色基础设施体系构建提供科学的依据。【方法】以南京市为研究对象,运用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)法,以土地利用类型图为基础,识别南京市现有绿色空间中核心区、边缘、孤岛、桥接、环、穿孔、分支等7类重要景观类别。通过斑块面积计算和连通性指数评价,发掘具有生态潜力的绿色基础设施网络中心,并计算最小成本路径生成潜力廊道,结合现有核心区、潜力节点、现有廊道、潜在廊道构建未来南京市绿色基础设施网络体系。【结果】通过MSPA法,识别出南京市绿色基础设施核心面积为538.16 km²,占研究区域总面积的37.57%,其中综合筛选出一级网络中心16个,二级网络中心24个。基于阻力模型构建生态廊道73条,其在长江以南地区分布较密,重要性等级较高,长江以北区域生态廊道数量较少,重要性等级有待提升。【结论】MSPA法具有数据量少、便于可视化等特点,能够为市域尺度绿色基础设施构建提供生态特征较为精确的景观要素识别结果,有效增强绿色基础设施的系统性和结构性。根据南京市绿色基础设施网络构建结果,建议加强南京市域长江以北网络中心和廊道的建设,提高长江以南网络中心和廊道质量,从而提升全市域的生态功能。

关键词: 绿色基础设施, 要素识别, 形态学空间格局分析(MSPA), 网络构建, 南京市

Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming to address the problems of rapid expansion of urban construction spaces and the gradual loss and fragmentation of green spaces, an effective method for optimizing the urban green infrastructure (UGI) network system is explored to provide a more scientific city-scale reference for green infrastructure (GI) construction.【Method】Taking Nanjing city as an example, using the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method, on the basis of the land use map, seven important landscape types are identified in the existing green spaces of Nanjing including cores, edges, islets, bridges, loop, perforation and branch, respectively. Through patch area calculations and connectivity index evaluations, green infrastructure network centers with ecological potential are identified, and the least cost path to generate potential corridors is calculated, combining existing core areas, potential nodes, existing corridors and potential corridors to construct the future green infrastructure network system in Nanjing.【Result】Using the MSPA method, the core area of Nanjing’s green infrastructure is 538.16 km², accounting for 37.57% of the total study area. A total of 16 first-level network centers and 24 second-level network centers were selected. A total of 73 ecological corridors are constructed based on the resistance model, which are densely distributed in the south of the Yangtze River with a higher importance level. There is a small number of ecological corridors in the north of the Yangtze River, and the importance level needs to be improved.【Conclusion】 The MSPA method can provide more accurate identification results of ecological characteristics for the construction of urban green infrastructure, since it has the characteristics of a small amount of data and easy visualization and it effectively enhance the system and structure of green infrastructure. According to the results of the construction of the green infrastructure system in Nanjing, strengthening the construction of network centers and corridors in the north of the Yangtze River is recommended, as well as to improve the quality of network centers and corridors in the south of the Yangtze River to advance the ecological function of the whole city.

Key words: green infrastructure(GI), element recognition, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), network construction, Nanjing City

中图分类号:

TU985
S732

费文君,赵梦琴. 基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络构建[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(3): 50-56.

FEI Wenjun, ZHAO Mengqin. Construction of Nanjing green infrastructure network based on MSPA[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(3): 50-56.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102017.

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景观类型 landscape type	含义 connotation
核心core	多为大型的自然林地区域,一般为绿色基础设施网络中的生态源
桥接bridge	连接不同核心区之间的线性通道,为绿色基础设施网络中的廊道
孤岛islet	多为小型绿地,一般为连接度较低的破碎小斑块,具备生态跳岛作用
边缘edge	核心区与背景之间的过渡,承担保护核心区及减少干扰的作用
环loop	同一核心区内部生态流的连接通道
穿孔perforation	核心区与背景之间的过渡区域,具有边缘效应
分支branch	生态流的沟通通道,只有一端与核心区相连

重分类型 reclassification type	土地类型 land use type	含义 connotation	赋值 assignment
前景 foreground	林地forest land	生长乔木、灌木、竹类等林业用地	2
	草地grass land	以生长草本植物为主,覆盖度在5%以上的各类草地,包括以牧为主的灌丛草地和郁闭度在10%以下的疏林地
背景 background	水域water area	天然陆地水域和水利设施用地	1
	耕地farmland	种植农作物的土地,包括熟耕地、新开荒地、休闲地、轮歇地、草田轮作地等
	建设用地construction land	城乡居住、交通等用地
	非建设用地non construction land	目前还未利用的土地,包括难利用的土地

斑块重要性指数 dPc	等级classification
斑块重要性指数 dPc	S>1 000 km²	150 km²<S≤ 1 000km²	S≤150 km²
d_PC>0.10	一级网络中心	一级网络中心	二级网络中心
0.01<d_PC≤0.10	一级网络中心	二级网络中心	三级网络中心
d_PC≤0.01	二级网络中心	三级网络中心	三级网络中心

阻力因子 resistance factor	分级 class	阻力值 resistance value	权重 weight	阻力因子 resistance factor	分级 class	阻力值 resistance value	权重 weight
MSPA景观类型 landscape types based on MSPA	核心	1	0.256 7	距道路距离/m distance from road	<250	9	0.115 3
	桥接	3			≥250~500	7
	斑块	3			≥500~750	5
	边缘	5			≥750~1 000	3
	环	5			>1 000	1
	分支	7		距水系距离/m distance from water	<200	9	0.055 6
	背景	9			≥200~400	7
高程/m altitude	<15	1	0.071 4		≥400~600	5
	≥15~50	3			≥600~800	3
	≥50~100	5			>800	1
	≥100~150	7		植被覆盖度 vegetation coverage	<0.2	9	0.383 4
	>150	9			≥0.2~0.4	7
坡度/(°) slope	<3	1	0.117 6		≥0.4~0.6	5
	≥3~8	3			≥0.6~0.8	3
	≥8~15	5			>0.8	1
	≥15~25	7
	>25	9

预处理分类 pretreatment classification	MSPA景观类型 landscape types based on MSPA	面积/km² area	内部占比/% internal proportion	总占比/% total proportion
前景foreground	核心	538.16	37.57	8.17
	桥接	79.70	5.58	1.21
	孤岛	402.47	28.10	6.11
	边缘	258.21	18.03	3.92
	环	42.81	3.01	0.65
	穿孔	19.10	1.34	0.29
	分支	91.56	6.38	1.39
背景background	—	5 155.01	—	78.26

基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络构建

Construction of Nanjing green infrastructure network based on MSPA

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网络中心 network center	d_PC	网络中心 network center	d_PC
1	55.554 400	9	0.997 205
2	230.988 290	10	0.842 815
3	25.693 110	11	0.798 662
4	4.965 064	12	0.743 259
5	3.046 605	13	0.610 485
6	1.966 476	14	0.541 319
7	1.797 716	15	0.533 113
8	1.620 749	16	0.517 617

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