【目的】松墨天牛是一种重要的松林蛀干害虫,也是亚洲地区松材线虫最主要的媒介昆虫,研究松墨天牛取食能力与环境温度、天牛性别以及体质量的关系,分析松墨天牛产卵能力与松树树皮厚度、树干直径以及天牛体质量的关系,为松墨天牛的科学防治提供参考。【方法】从养虫笼中收集天牛,选择体质量(M)在0.3 g≤M <0.6 g的松墨天牛放置在昆虫培养箱中,设置4个温度梯度(25、30、35和40 ℃),比较不同温度条件下天牛的取食能力;选取体质量相似的5头雌成虫和5头雄成虫于昆虫培养箱中,比较天牛雌雄成虫取食差异;选择不同体质量(M<0.3 g,0.3 g≤M<0.6 g和M≥0.6g)天牛放置在温度相同的昆虫培养箱中,比较不同体质量天牛取食能力。在养虫桶中放入直径(D)不同(2.0 cm<D<3.0 cm、4.0 cm≤D<5.0 cm和D≥6.0 cm)的松树树干,再放入体质量相似的松墨天牛,统计天牛在不同直径树干上产卵刻槽的数量差异。在养虫桶中放入树皮厚度(d)不同(d=1、4和9 mm)的松树树干,再放入体质量相似的松墨天牛,统计天牛产卵刻槽数量。在养虫桶中放入相似松树树干,再分别放入不同体质量(M<0.3 g、0.3 g≤M<0.6 g和M≥0.6 g)的松墨天牛,统计松墨天牛在树干上的产卵刻槽数量;选取不同体质量松墨天牛雌成虫,解剖天牛腹部,取出腹中所有的天牛卵,统计卵的数目,比较不同体质量天牛腹中卵数量的差异。【结果】松墨天牛取食能力由大到小时所处温度条件依次为:35、40、30、25 ℃,但是松墨天牛雌成虫和雄成虫之间取食差异不显著。在不同体质量天牛中,M≥0.6 g的天牛取食能力最强,M<0.3 g的松墨天牛取食能力最弱。在不同直径(D)松树树干之间,松墨天牛在D≥6.0 cm树干上产卵刻槽数量最多,在2.0 cm <D <3.0 cm的松树树干产卵刻槽数量最少;在不同树皮厚度(d)树干之间,松墨天牛在d=1 mm的树干上产卵数量最多,在d=9 mm的树干上产卵数量最少;且M≥0.6 g的松墨天牛产卵能力明显比M<0.3 g和0.3 g≤M<0.6 g的松墨天牛产卵能力强,解剖发现M≥0.6 g的松墨天牛腹中卵的数量明显多于其他两种体质量的松墨天牛。【结论】松墨天牛取食能力与天牛的性别无显著关系,与环境温度以及天牛个体大小相关,在35 ℃时取食能力明显大于其他温度下的取食能力,且天牛体质量越大,取食能力越强;松墨天牛的产卵与其体质量、树皮厚度以及树干直径相关,天牛体质量越大、树皮越薄、树干直径越大,天牛产卵数量越多。

【Objective】 The beetle (Monochamus alternatus) is an important wood borer in pine forests and it is also the most important vector of pine wood nematodes in Asia. The effects of temperature, sex and weight on the feeding ability and the bark thickness, trunk diameter, and weight on oviposition ability were analyzed regarding M. alternatus to provide a scientific guidance for controlling the beetles.【Method】 The beetles were collected from an insect cage with a weight in the range of 0.3 g≤M<0.6 g that was placed in the insect incubator to compare the feeding ability under four temperature conditions (25, 30, 35 and 40℃). Five female and five male adult beetles of the similar weight were selected and placed in an insect incubator to compare feeding between adult males and females. Beetles with different weights (M<0.3 g, 0.3 g≤M<0.6 g and M≥0.6 g) were placed in the insect incubator at the same temperature to compare feeding abilities with different weights. In order to study the effect of trunk diameter and bark thickness on the oviposition of beetles, pine trunks with different diameters (2.0 cm<D< 3.0 cm, 4.0 cm≤D<5.0 cm, and D≥6.0 cm) and trunks with different bark thicknesses (d=1, 4 and 9 mm) with beetles were placed separately into the insect barrel. The number of oviposition scars was counted. To compare the relationship between the oviposition ability and weight, the number of oviposition scars made by the beetles with different weights (M<0.3 g, 0.3 g≤M<0.6 g and M≥0.6 g) on the trunk was counted, and the abdomens were dissected to count the number of eggs inside.【Result】 The feeding ability of beetles at different temperatures order was as follows: 35, 40, 30, 25 ℃; however, there was no significant difference in feeding between male and female adults. The feeding ability of beetles with M≥0.6 g was the strongest, and that of beetles with M<0.3 g was the weakest. Among trunks with different diameters, beetles preferred to lay eggs on trunks with diameters of D≥6.0 cm, and the number of eggs laid on trunks with diameters of 2 cm<d<3 cm was the lowest. Among trunks with different bark thickness, beetles laid the most eggs on trunks with bark of d=1 mm and the least eggs on trunks with bark of d=9 mm. The oviposition ability of beetles with M≥0.6 g was significantly better than that of beetles with M<0.3 g and 0.3 g≤M<0.6 g. the number of eggs in the abdomen of beetles with M≥0.6 g was significantly more than that of those with other weights.【Conclusion】 The feeding ability of M. alternatus had no significant relationship with sex but was related to weight and temperature. Feeding capacity increased with beetle weight; the feeding ability of M. alternatus at 35 ℃ was higher than that at other temperatures. The oviposition of M. alternatus was related to the size, bark thickness, and trunk diameter. The oviposition ability of the beetles increased with weight, and they preferred to lay eggs on thinner barks and trunks with larger diameters.