【目的】 研究木槿品种资源表型性状的多样性,为改良现有木槿品种、开发新品种提供理论支持。【方法】通过聚类分析、相关性分析、多样性分析,对21份木槿栽培品种的10个数量性状和24个质量性状进行分析。【结果】木槿品种资源表型多样性丰富,24个质量性状的多样性指数为4.175 8~4.392 3,10个数量性状的多样性指数为4.217 9~4.384 7;基于表型性状聚类分析,在欧氏距离为22时,可将21份木槿品种分成浅色类、深色重瓣类及单瓣类三大类型。通过主成分分析,花色数、花瓣长度、花瓣内部次色、花瓣次色的分布等9个主成分可以反映29个性状的基本特征,特征值均大于1,累计贡献率达88.960%,表明花越大、花色越艳丽的木槿品种观赏性越强。在相关性方面,花晕相对花瓣面积大小(HAS)、花瓣次色的分布(DPS)等花部性状与花瓣内部次色(ISCP)之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数均大于0.800,叶柄的长度(LP)与叶片长度(LL)、叶片长度(LL)与叶片宽度(WL)、重瓣性(PS)与花瓣具裂(PC)之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.673、0.702、0.796。【结论】21份木槿栽培品种表型多样性丰富,花朵的外部形态与色彩是木槿分类的主要依据,树形、生长习性、叶片基部形状也对其形态分类有较大影响,这可以为木槿种质资源的保护和利用以及新品种的研究奠定基础。

【Objective】 This study focuses on the phenotypic diversity of germplasm resources and the upgrading of existing cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus, to provide theoretical support for developing new varieties. 【Method】 Through cluster analysis, correlation analysis and diversity analysis, ten quantitative characters and 24 quality characters were analyzed for 21 Hibiscus cultivars. 【Result】 Hibiscus cultivar resources have rich phenotypic diversity. The diversity index of 24 quality shapes is 4.175 8-4.392 3, and the diversity index of 10 quantitative characters is 4.217 9-4.384 7. Based on the cluster analysis of phenotypic characters, twenty-one Hibiscus cultivars can be divided into three types when the Euclidean distance is 22, namely light color, dark double valve and single valve. Through principal component analysis, the nine principal components, including the number of flower colors, the length of the petals, the internal secondary color of the petals, and the distribution of the secondary petal color, can reflect the basic characteristics of 29 personality traits. The eigenvalues are greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate is 88.960%, indicating that the larger the flowers, and the more colorful the Hibiscus cultivars, the stronger the ornamental ability. In terms of correlation, there was a significant positive correlation between flower traits such as the flower halo relative petal area size (HAS), the petal secondary color distribution (DPS), and the petal internal secondary color (ISCP), with the correlation coefficients being greater than 0.800. The length of the petiole (LP), the leaf length (LL), and leaf width (WL), there was a significant positive correlation between double petality (PS) and the petal cleft (PC), and the correlation coefficients were 0.673, 0.702 and 0.796,respectively. 【Conclusion】 There was found to be a rich phenotypic diversity in the 21 Hibiscus cultivars. The external shape and color of flowers form the basis for Hibiscus classification. Tree shapes, growth habit and leaf base shapes also had a substantial impact on its morphological classification, which laied the foundation for the protection,the use of Hibiscus germplasm resources and research into new varieties.