不同覆盖措施对梁山慈竹出笋和竹笋适口性的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202103054

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 143-149.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202103054

不同覆盖措施对梁山慈竹出笋和竹笋适口性的影响

王晓娟¹(), 马光良¹^,^*(), 陈洪², 李呈翔¹, 张丽³

1.泸州市林业科学研究院,四川泸州 646000
2.西昌学院农业科学学院,四川西昌 615000
3.四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都 610081

收稿日期:2021-03-31 接受日期:2021-09-13 出版日期:2022-03-30 发布日期:2022-04-08
通讯作者: 马光良
基金资助:
四川省财政专项(2019CZZX03);四川省财政专项(2019CZZX01)

Effects of different mulching measures on bamboo shooting and palatability of Dendrocalamus farinosus

WANG Xiaojuan¹(), MA Guangliang¹^,^*(), CHEN Hong², LI Chengxiang¹, ZHANG Li³

1. Luzhou Forestry Scientific Institute,Luzhou 646000,China
2. School of Agricultural Science,Xichang University,Xichang 615000,China
3. Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,China

Received:2021-03-31 Accepted:2021-09-13 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: MA Guangliang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】梁山慈竹(Dendrocalamus farinosus)主要以材用为主,开发其笋用价值,可提高丛生竹经济效益,同时为丛生竹笋用培育提供参考。【方法】以梁山慈竹为研究对象,采用4因素3水平正交试验设计,探讨不同覆盖材料(A₁.土壤;A₂.竹屑;A₃.糠壳)、覆盖厚度(B₁.0 cm;B₂.15 cm;B₃.30 cm)、施肥量(C₁.0 kg/丛;C₂.1.0 kg/丛;C₃.1.5 kg/丛)和覆盖时间(D₁.4月15日;D₂.4月30日;D₃.5月15日)对梁山慈竹出笋和竹笋适口性的影响;共进行9次试验处理(T1.A₁B₁C₁D₁;T2.A₁B₂C₂D₂;T3.A₁B₃C₃D₃;T4.A₂B₁C₂D₃;T5.A₂B₂C₃D₁;T6.A₂B₃C₁D₂;T7.A₃B₁C₃D₂;T8.A₃B₂C₁D₃;T9.A₃B₃C₂D₁),分析测定了其出笋量、成竹率、胸径,竹笋可食率、外观形态以及呈味物质的变化。【结果】梁山慈竹竹丛覆盖可降低其出笋而促进成竹生长,覆盖后,竹笋可食率提高38%,且以覆盖15 cm厚度的可食率最高,达47%,笋箨由暗沉的深绿色变为鲜亮的紫红色;苦味氨基酸含量、占比显著下降,鲜味氨基酸占比相对升高,草酸、单宁含量显著下降,竹笋苦涩味明显减弱,口感显著提升,以T5处理(A₂B₂C₃D₁)表现最好;本试验发现施用氮磷钾复合肥对梁山慈竹出笋、成竹和生长没有显著影响。【结论】竹丛覆盖可适度调节梁山慈竹出笋成竹,显著改善竹笋品相和适口性,覆盖不受材料、时间限制,在竹笋出土前覆盖即可,采笋则以笋尖突破覆盖物时为宜。

关键词: 梁山慈竹, 覆盖培育, 出笋成竹, 适口性, 笋品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The bamboo, Dendrocalamus farinosus, is mainly used for timber, developing the value of bamboo shoots, improving the economic benefits of clustered bamboo, and providing a reference for the cultivation of bamboo shoots in clustered bamboo.【Method】D. farinosus was taken as the research subject, and an orthogonal experimental design with four factors and three levels was applied to investigate the following: the effects of different mulching materials (A₁.soil, A₂.bamboo chips, A₃.chaff shell), mulching thickness (B₁.0 cm, B₂.15 cm, B₃.30 cm), fertilizing amount (C₁.0 kg/cluster, C₂.1.0 kg/cluster, C₃.1.5 kg/cluster), and mulching date (D₁.April 15th, D₂.April 30th, D₃.May 15th) on shooting and palatability of bamboo shoots. Nine tests were conducted (T1.A₁B₁C₁D₁, T2.A₁B₂C₂D₂, T3.A₁B₃C₃D₃, T4.A₂B₁C₂D₃, T5.A₂B₂C₃D₁, T6.A₂B₃C₁D₂, T7.A₃B₁C₃D₂, T8.A₃B₂C₁D₃, T9.A₃B₃C₂D₁), and the changes in shoot quantity, bamboo growth rate, diameter at breast height (DBH), edible rate, appearance, form and flavor of the bamboo shoots were measured and analyzed.【Result】Mulching could reduce shooting and promote the growth. After mulching, the edibility rate of bamboo shoots increased by 38% and was the highest at 15 cm mulching thickness, by up to 47%. The color of the bamboo shell changed from dull dark green to bright purplish-red; the content and percentage of bitter amino acids decreased significantly, while the percentage of umami amino acids increased to some extent, and the oxalate acid and tannin decreased significantly. As a result, the bitter taste of the bamboo shoots was significantly reduced, and the mouthfeel was significantly improved. The best performance was exhibited by T5 (A₂B₂C₃D₁); application of NPK compound fertilizer had no significant effect on the shooting and growth of D. farinosus.【Conclusion】Mulching can moderately adjust the rhythm of shooting and growth and improve the palatability and appearance of bamboo shoots of D. farinosus, which is not limited by the material and time, mulching before shooting, and harvesting when bamboo shoot tips break through the mulch.

Key words: Dendrocalamus farinosus, mulching cultivation, shooting and growth, palatability, shoot quality

中图分类号:

S795.5
S718

王晓娟,马光良,陈洪,等. 不同覆盖措施对梁山慈竹出笋和竹笋适口性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 143-149.

WANG Xiaojuan, MA Guangliang, CHEN Hong, LI Chengxiang, ZHANG Li. Effects of different mulching measures on bamboo shooting and palatability of Dendrocalamus farinosus[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(2): 143-149.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202103054.

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试验号 No.	A覆盖材料 mulching material	B覆盖厚度/cm mulching thickness	C施肥量/ (kg·丛^-1) fertilizing amount	D覆盖日期 mulching date
T1	A₁(土壤)	B₁(0)	C₁(0)	D₁(4月15日)
T2	A₁(土壤)	B₂(15)	C₂(1.0)	D₂(4月30日)
T3	A₁(土壤)	B₃(30)	C₃(1.5)	D₃(5月15日)
T4	A₂(竹屑)	B₁(0)	C₂(1.0)	D₃(5月15日)
T5	A₂(竹屑)	B₂(15)	C₃(1.5)	D₁(4月15日)
T6	A₂(竹屑)	B₃(30)	C₁(0)	D₂(4月30日)
T7	A₃(糠壳)	B₁(0)	C₃(1.5)	D₂(4月30日)
T8	A₃(糠壳)	B₂(15)	C₁(0)	D₃(5月15日)
T9	A₃(糠壳)	B₃(30)	C₂(1.0)	D₁(4月15日)

不同覆盖措施对梁山慈竹出笋和竹笋适口性的影响

Effects of different mulching measures on bamboo shooting and palatability of Dendrocalamus farinosus

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